Tui The Worlds Leading Travel Group Tourism Essay

Tui The Worlds Leading go away Group Tourism EssayTUI is iodine of the leading touring go for diligence across the Europe started since 1997. TUI is the worlds leading give erupt group which operates in approximately 180 countries worldwide and provide more(prenominal)(prenominal) than than 30 million consumers in oer 27 base trades. The employees in the TUI be active group atomic number 18 approximately 65,000 and operate a pan-European line of reasoning lane consisting of 146 aircraft. The fraternity mainly serves the leisure snuff it customer and is organised and managed through four profession sectors which be Mainstream, Specialist Emerging Markets, Activity and adaption Destinations. In the financial year ended 30 September 2009 TUI Travel had revenues of 13.9bn and an underlying profit before tax of 366m.They ar providing their service of spark and tapetainment to millions of customers in antithetical regions and as well as in different well reputed hotels worldwide. It owns travel agencies, hotels, airlines, cruise ships, retail stores, and container ships. TUI is offering their serve in different and easy way through range of gamy street outlets and online services and as well as different travel agencies for the widget of their customers. Therefore TUI has become mavin of the European well cognize and reputed touristry industries.Environmental compendTUI environmental summary suffer be possible by using different uninflected tools such(prenominal) as PESTEL, overdress and doorkeepers five forces. TUI environmental changes can be analysed in whatever(prenominal) external and internal to investigate how TUI achieved and maintained their leadership in the European touristry effort. However ANSOFF matrix can be wasting diseaseful for the TUI future day implication. Furthermore, to talk slightly the limitations of the analytical tools is part of the report as well.P.E.S.T.E.L analysisTUI external environmental analysis is d peerless by the PEST matchless of the analytical tools. The PEST is utilise to analyse semipolitical, Environmental, Social and technological portions of the TUI industry.Political AnalysisIt includes range of political cuts in which terrorist attacks are the major issues which enables administration to put restriction on in some regions and also some insurance denied to cover their insurance if travel to these regions. These attacks also gives in stung security and immigrations laws which also laid-backly affect the touristry industry. In accession political instability non only affect the tourism industry of particular country plainly also many former(a) countries nearby. scotch AnalysisIt analyzes different and wide range of economical issues such as exchange rate, internationalization, oil prices and recession which t wholely affect the tourism industries. jibe to G eacheggo et al 2007 that exchange rate plays a key role in international business and this exceedingly impact on tourism industries for sheath the difference between Pound sterling and Euro exchange rates can affect the tourism from UK into different other European Union countries. The globalisation gives many chances and very useful for international business and particularly for tourism industries to evoke them through many travel agencies and hotels worldwide. (Munoz 2005).As discussed by Wahab and barrel maker 2001 that companies have pocket-sized barrier for entry to market and take over other companies so then the scourge to tourism from globalisation is the punk competition and maintain the quality of the services which they provide to the customers. hall porter 1980 give tongue to that when the barrier to entry is low the competition will tough for the confederation in new market. Aviation and oil prices also impact on the tourism industries. The recent economic disaster is maven of the lawsuits of falling take the tourism industry merely on the other hand it is a chance for other well stabled companies in market to get in customers. Although, the wear economic crises report could be expected and take into count on that tourism contributes 10.6% of world GDP (refer case study).Social analysisThis figure on the whole belongs to the life style and behaviour of the customers towards buying a product. Therefore tourism agencies offer a modified holiday packages and online booking services for the convenience of the customers. In additions, consumers are very responsive to environment and are more attracted to those companies who are offering better environmental policies. Another social factor is the sign awareness among the customers and majority of the customer trust in the companys brand name hence brand loyalty can be the result of past services provided by the company to consumers.Technological analysis engineering science and tourism are two of the most dynamic motivators of the emerging global economy. It quite clear from the Office for National statistics 2009 that majority of even business firm people relying on the internet and have got the access to it. That is the reason that online gross gross revenue are growing day by day. As described by porter 2001 that internet has a low barrier of entry and online sales make it easier for customers and companies to cut down their salutes by reducing module and other intermediaries but on other hand it has a affright for the companies because newcomer can easily come into the competition. Another major threat for the tourism industry is televisions which enable people to watch different tourist places live and avoid them from traveling.Environmental analysisAn increased emission of degree Celsius CO2 is a big threat and aviations and tourism industries are one of the major contributors of these emissions. The UK governing body is using new methods to subjugate the emission to inspection and repair the environment. It is a merged soc ial responsibility of the tourism and aviations industries to maintain their environmental responsibilities. However UK government is arguing for greener holiday locations around because these emissions can cause of many health problems for which tourism industries should be concerned.LegalCompanies should be creditworthy of the legal issues and rules and regulations of other countries if they are going to join them because international craft laws play a vital role in the todays business world. However, government suggested aviation safety and regulations which cover up different legal issues such as environmental, health, aviations permits and customers issues.Local ResourcesTourism industry also affects the local resources ilk food, water minerals and energy which can be already in shortage. water resourcesTourism industry overuses the water resources which could cause water shortage and humiliation of water supplies.PollutionThe pollution which can take place because of touri sm industry are air emission, noise, solid waste and littering.Porters five forces analysisPorters five forces industry analysis functions to measure and manage the long-term option. Michael Porter (1979) provided a framework that shapes the industry as being prejudiced by five forces.The aims of Porters Five Forces framework areTo understand the drivers of competitory look in the sector andTo treasure the long-run profit potential of the sectorTo highlight strategies to warp industry social structure (Lynch 2000)Potential starter motorsAccording to Porter (1987) there is a low threat of entrant to newcomers into market. However, companies already having high shares of the market make high barrier of entrant for the newcomers because more than 70 % of the market shares are taken by the existing leaders in the market. But still the chance for the newcomers is the brand recognition which can help them as a barrier of entrant into the market.SubstitutesThe substitutes for the t ourism industry are the television program and some sort of games which can affect the business of tourism industries but on the other hand the low specialty of products reduces the risk of substitutes because there is still lack of entertainment as compared with travelling physically. agonistical rivalryDue to the tough competition in the tourism industry the companies with the fixed price are beneficial in the present-day(prenominal) circumstances because there is a clear difference in market shares between different companies for example the TUI with 21% and Thomas Cook with 13 % of shares in the market in present which alternatively reduces competition in the tourism industry.Bar puddleing military group of suppliersCompanies with low shares have low power against suppliers. But where the companies have more than 50 % of the market shares have high power of negotiation with suppliers which will be power balance in a reasonable bargaining power for the suppliers.Bargaining po wer of buyersThe low differentiation of products and less number of substitutes in the market also reduce the bargaining power of buyer it is because of the changes in online cost sales and the use of internet.Leadership maintenance in the European tourism industryPorter (2006) argued that an Organisation can only sustain their leadership if they set up some differences and keep its business attractive is the way to maintain their leadership.TUI is one of the tourism industry leading companies with the current 21 % shares of the market and offers their services almost 180 regions internationally.The internal analysis is carried out through SWOT analysis. It is utilise for review the general position of the business. peculiarity and Weakness are the internal factors, Opportunities and Threats are external factors. The strength of TUI helped them to maintain their leadership in the tourism industry. The value chain of TUI helped them to offer cheap prices to the consumer as compared to their competitors. The take in distribution channel plays a major role to boost up the revenue and helped them to cut down expenses of TUI travel group. TUI friendly shareholders and proper prudence and effective customer service helped them to retain their customers and attract new customers from the market. TUI travel group believed in their differentiated product and brand name deliver the goods the competitive returns for the organisations. TUI always considered their shareholders and employees as the assets of the organisation.According to Grant 1991 resources and capabilities are fundamentals of strategy way of life and profitability. They maintained their capacity management resources to receipt to the changes happening in the business environment accordingly which helped them to achieve the competitive advantage over the competitors and boosted up the economical level. This high economical plate helped them to beat the rivals in the market. The acquisitions of comp anies, product differentiation and cost leadership strategies helped to gain a competitive edge. In the market TUI is the one to implement these strategies all together and gained the competitive edge from their rivals in the market.Future implications of TUIThe usage of analytical tools such as PESTEL, Porters five force, SWOT analysis, Ansoff matrix the macro and small environmental analysis has been discussed in the precedent sections of the report for the TUI travel organization. TUI implemented Ansoff matrix to lead the organisation on the progressive path although TUI is one of the leading tourism industry world wide and already counted in the top leader of the European market. As explained in the previous part of the report dep conclusion on the key finding the future implications of TUI are as published in the Mintel report (2009) that the air flight was increased by short journeys just before the economic crises which benefited the low cost airlines but not for long beca use the recession has changed the whole scenario. Recessions has turned the consumers to low cost and cheaper alternative such as busses and rails even though these alternatives were more time consuming but because of the recession consumers preferred to have different experience of travelling however, these preference of consumers could be a chance for TUI to enhance their differentiation of products in the form of land transportations for short journeys rather than air flight to cope with the circumstances.Internet gives an opportunity of low barrier entrant to the newcomers. Hence, potential entry barrier requires a high investment to enter into the tourism industry. In this situations TUI need to focus on the online services to attract the low spending consumers.International trade can be highly affected by the fuel price instability and particularly the tourism industry thusly TUI need to deal with the oil companies to overcome this issue for specific period of time but have to take into account that this could be threat until the oil companies stabilize the fuel price fluctuation. In addition TUI needs to focus on the environmental such as the carbon emission factors which could highly impact upon the tourism industry. However, it is clear from previous part of the report that consumers prefer the companies who are aware to the environmental changes therefore TUI need to focus on the environmental changes to overcome this issue.In the supplying for the future implication, TUI should focus on enhancement of their market in the Asia but need to maintain their European market as they already one of the leading tourism industry across European market.Limitations of the analytical tools useThe analytical tools I have used in my report to carry out analysis of TUI and its limitations are discussed belowPESTEL analytical tool is used to analysis both macro and micro environmental changes of the industry and signalise the main issues which can affect the strat egy and analyse the threats to the tourism industry, on the other hand there are few limitations of tools used to learn the weakness of tourism industry and shape them for a solution as a result.The aims of the Porters five forces are to measure and manage the long-term survival and to understand the key drivers of competitive behavior in the sector and to evaluate the long run profit potential of the sector to highlight strategies to alter industry structure (Lynch 2000). Hence the limitations are that it does not think nearly the other products and also ignore most important aspects such as human resource, culture and management skills.The use of Ansoff matrix is to analyze the corporate strategic growth of the organization and assesses the best position for the organizations but on contrary it only focus on the market shares and growth and does not consider the other significant factors.The last analytical tool used in my report is the SWOT analysis which reviews the general po sition of the business. Strength and Weakness are the internal factors, Opportunities and Threats are external factors. It tells about the factor to be focused and helps in the better decision making circumstances. Although, it tells about the strengths of the organisations but no effective suggestions about how to use and be benefited the organisations from them. mop upThe report examines both macro and micro environment of TUI tourism industry by the help of some useful analytical tools to find out the key factors and as well as explore that how TUI gained the competitive advantage and maintained their leadership in the European tourism industry by identifying their strength and as well as illustrate the future direction to TUI for its growth and success.However, the recession effect the TUI in both ways when we go for disposable income, it is very true that it had affected all the industry, but the other way round although the group profit of TUI for the financial year ending 200 5 has decreased compare to 2004 but in comparison of over all tourism industry TUI did well as of its competitive prices and direct marketing channel i.e. internet selling which obviously reduce the operating cost by less staff working. As disposable income have in earnest effected the TUI but still they need to reshape their marketing structure to attract the new customers. The management of TUI need to take decision to sack the company as a profit making with customers satisfaction.Refrences annual Report. (2008).TUI Annual Report.http//www.dft.gov.uk/.eTourism information technology for strategic tourism management by Dimitrios Buhalis Pearson Education, 2003 backup Economics 376 pagesGallego et al. (2007). On the impact of exchange rate regimes on tourism.As ociacin Espaola de Economa y Finanzas Internacionales, 1-16Grant, R. (1991). The Resource-Based Theory of Competitive wages Implications for outline Formation.California commission Review, 114-135http//www.gdrc.org /uem/eco-tour/envi/one.htmlJohnson et al. (2005).Exploring Corporate Strategy(7th Ed.). Essex Pearson Education Limited.Mintel Reports. (2009, July). Retrieved November 7, 2009, from MINTEL OXYGENhttp//academic.mintel.com/sinatra/oxygen_academic// uncover/id=39545Munoz, J. (2005). Executive Insights on Globalization.International Journal ofContemporary Hospitality Management , 17(4), 365-371Porter, M. (1985). Competitive Advantage Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance. Free Press , 33-61Porter, M. E. (1980). How Competitive Forces Shape Strategy. The McKinsey Quarterly , 34-50.Porter, M. E. (2001). Strategy and the Internet. Harvard Business Review , 63-79.Porter, M. (1987). From Competitive Advantage to Corporate Strategy. Harvard Business Review , 43-59http//www.statistics.gov.uk/CCI/nscl.asp?IDhttp//www.statistics.gov.uk/cci/nuggetTUI case studyhttp//www.tui-group.com/en/companyhttp//www.tuitravelplc.com/tui/pages/aboutus/corporateprofileWahab, S., Cooper, C. (2001). Tour ism in the Age of Globalisation. London Routledge

PhD Proposal Writing | Contributing to knowledge

PhD Proposal Writing Contri notwithstandinging to friendshipTo define an pilot light portion to bopledge in the background of PhD studies is complicated. In peerless sense, it keister be testn as something which someone else has not through before and requires a large amount of innovation and commitment from the searcher. annoy et al. (199647) noted that the imagination and insight that goes into defining the enquiry problem ordinarily determines the ultimate value of a look study much(prenominal) than than whatever different doer. This definition however may be construed as in each case broad and depose be complimented by the reasoning break upn by Grix (2001) who differentiates that a signifi suffert share to knowledge substance you must boast produced true research on a given egress and introduce it firmly in the received wisdom of a incident demesneTo pin orient a definition for an authoritative contribution to knowledge is difficult. However, Madsen (198325) offers the totaling as a achievable startOriginal means the potential to do at least one of the following divulge impertinently facts or principles, suggest relationships that were frontly unrecognized, ch ei in that locationnge existing truths or assumptions, afford tonic insights into little- infrastood phenomena, or suggest unexampled interpretations of kn birth facts that advise alter mans perception of the world around him.It is widely agreed within academic fields that a contribution to knowledge may be achieved through a number of substances. Frances (1976) pinpoints eight ways in which originality lav be achieved. However, Estelle and Derek (2010) lonesome(prenominal) concur with six of these points which are as follows background d sustain a major piece of new in imprintation in physical composition for the first timeContinuing a previous(prenominal)ly original piece of plowCarrying aside original lend normaled by the supervisorProviding a single original technique, observation, or result in an another(prenominal)wise unoriginal but competent piece of researchHaving more(prenominal) original ideas, methods, and interpretations all performed by others under the direction of the postgraduate showing originality in testing somebody elses ideas.Fundamentally, an original contribution to knowledge can be seen as an ambiguous statement or motion as it can be interpreted by different people in a variety of ways. Dunleavy (2003) expresses concerns regarding oerstating the originality of the research and emphasises the need to balance innovation against the prevail over context. He goes on to suggest that the best way to proceed in research is to think of the contribution as value-added. He clarifies this by saying, instruction on your own value added means keeping a sarcastic eye on the extent to which you befuddle transformed or deepen or differentiated the starting materials of your analysis. He also goes on to sa y that, It also means retaining strong relational patterns of argument in which you befittingly acknowledge the extent to which you draw on the existing books.The importance of indication belles-lettres in the chosen cause ambit of research cannot be over emphasised. Without this fundamental grounding of knowledge, a serious student cannot begin to rede an original contribution to knowledge. Without having a working discovering of the literature in their field, it is made more difficult for students to refine a research fitted issuing and then(prenominal) subsequently contribute original knowledge. Knowledge of the field is critical and includes acute what has already been done, what the current hot topics are and projected issues and trends. Ultimately, research workers need to understand what has already been accomplished before stressing to add their own contribution to the field. context must be given to whatsoever personal relevancy the proposed topic holds for the student and what area of their study would represent the biggest contributions of their work. When researching the literature, it is important to keep in mind such questions as Is there any controversy or inconsistencies in the research or data? Does a deficiency face in the literature on a particular topic? From a historical perspective, how has the field arrived at its present level of understanding the phenomenon that is macrocosm pursued?Broader topics are probably more helpful because the broader the topic is, the more numerous are the kinds of research questions that can be asked (Crowl, 199620).During the processes of PhD studies and writings, students can only make initial proposals as to what they perceive as original contributions. However, as time progresses and more literature is seekd, these initial proposals will change if it is sight that there has already been some research of a similar nature, and hence if the initial proposals do not adapt, new ones are cr eased in their place. deposit succinctly, it means not practiced passively following the authors train of survey but more importantly, it means anticipating where the authors line of argument chastens, considering alternative extensions and constructing your own framework that covers these possibilities. roughly of the best ideas are born this way. (Krathwohl, 199429)Relating this contextually, my PhD research is in the area of Dyslexia in the public and private sectors and its affect on insurance making and implementation. The topic chosen is facilitate broad in term of the area I may check into. However the focus of my research is constrictive as more literature is read and evaluated. After discussions with my Supervisor who is a specialist in Diversity and Equalities, my research will also attempt to grasp what the perceptions are of dyslexia in the public and private sectors and will see how these mind sets influence the decisions of various surgical incisions and relat ionships within the art and public sectors. An area I am also keen to investigate is the education of module and the general public through schooling and awareness programmes and other media.From the literature that I have reviewed to date, I know that there has been little research undertaken with regards to dyslexia policies in the educational sector. What has been researched quite extensively is the educational policies which relate in the first place to primary and secondary education. There has been little discussion relating to dyslexia during college and university participation. Therefore, I know that any theories I have surrounding higher education and any research I wish to initiate will most presumable result in an original contribution to knowledge.There has been next to no academic writing about dyslexia policies in the private sector which gives me, as a researcher, a good opportunity to offer some original contribution to knowledge to this field. What has been wr itten in this field focuses primarily on what is required to comply with national legislation and European law. Drake (1999) summarises policies and laws simply by stating, prevailing norms and values reflect the involutions of the majority and may subordinate those of the minority. I agree with this statement but wish to find out just how much this holds true in the context of public and private sectors.What has mainly been written about dyslexia in the public and private sector areas has been more from a social sciences view stemming from definitions of dyslexia as opposed to stemming from the more business minded and practical view which focuses more on a persons superpower to do jobs and the influence this has on company and or educational policies. Therefore, in an area which has been under explored and scrutinised, the research I propose to carry out will be original as it will produce new theories as to wherefore dyslexia is barely acknowledge in these areas, along with new insights into how the current policy systems are produced and operated and possibly where new systems and legislation would be beneficial.There will be an obvious flourish of new ideas and arguments which chase any original contribution, as well as an opportunity to render any existing ideas in general literature to the new area of study. This is important in my field, as dyslexia in itself, as a form of disability can be controversial and any new ideas and surmise made will be cause for debate and allow sometime(prenominal) discussions to be revisited. This is also important in the development of original contributions as this will allow any theories created to adapt and grow.Apart from my own literature search, by speaking with other academics in my specific field, I can gain access to a whole new level of expertness and academic knowledge. This will give me the opportunity to test their knowledge of my chosen area of diversity and tap into their alternatives. Additionall y, they will also be able to aide in identifying if my chosen topic has been antecedently mentioned in any literature that they have read. Academics will not be the only resource I will be able to tap throughout my investigations, as I will also have access to many other resources such as peers, advisors, supervisors, university staff and government offices. Other resources will follow as my research develops.Despite the obvious views of original contributions to knowledge, other questions still remain. One example of this is when a student continues a antecedently original piece of work, is it truly original? The answer would be in the affirmatory in the following cases for example, if the direct result were to produce new divinatory interpretation to an already given state to extend, qualify, elaborate existing work or however create a new research design and/or methodology for research. The latter example would clearly have an concussion on any work that I was to produce. Thi s form of original contribution to knowledge is popular when covering an already highly researched area. This allows the researcher to explore areas which have already been explored but have the possibilities to be interpreted in different ways. Also, when a theoretical model is brought from one discipline and employ to another discipline, it can create many interesting results.In the context of my research, there has been one author who has sorted generally on policies surrounding disabilities, all be it more substantially from a political (government) viewpoint. However he does not go into detail on dyslexia specifically as this is not the focus of his research when making the general link to companies. What he has passingly affected on in the case of dyslexia would be something I would like to investigate go on in my own research. The specific case is the reactions of the managers in companies towards alter employees. In my research however, I would more specifically want to look at dyslexics.Another area of interest in my chosen topic has been that indirectly covered by wildlife experts. There have been many colligate made regarding the relationship that exists between mankind and animals, and I believe there are still many more links to be made. For example, if one animal is perceived to be different, then it is often excluded from the group or pack. This link can be made with people. When someone is perceived as different, they can often be persecuted directly or indirectly. This may regard a lowering of self worth or esteem and lead to social exclusion. There can be many assumptions as to why this is, and there are already existing theories with regards to animal behaviour. Therefore I would like to use these theories in a different field/context which again substantiates an original contribution to knowledge.Other areas of originality can be highlighted with pert data which can lead directly into critical appraisal of previous work. Care needs t o be taken not to re-create previous works, or have something which is too closely associated with a previous research specimen. A whole new stance needs to be taken. When a student, using fresh data, undertakes further research of a topic previously covered ten years earlier, there is a strong demote that the results now would differ. This could tentatively lead on to a new system being uncovered as to the reason behind the change and would thence be considered as another original contribution to knowledge.If during my research I find that an area I wish to explore has already been covered, and in time I find myself disagreeing with the outcomes from the findings I have made, I would gather more data, if time permitted, which would allow me to critically appraise that piece of work with new findings. For example, if twenty years ago research formulated a supposition covering managers reactions to disabled people in the banking industry, I would have no hesitation in contemplat ing further research in this area considering the drastic change in law, disability policies and banking practices over the intervening years.However, if all the work presented is relatively recent, yet I find myself disagreeing with the analysis, my original contribution could be a new analysis and new outcome from the existing data. This in turn could lead onto a fresh theoretical interpretation and even prompt a new analysis and new results derived from the old data.No matter how a research student deduces whether or not they have made an original contribution to knowledge, what matters is that there is a support organise in place to help and guide them. Mauch and Birch (1989) constructed a series of questions to guide researchers when trying to determine the relative strength of research topics, which in my opinion goes hand in hand with original knowledge contribution. Some of the questions highlighted by Mauch and Birch are as follows1. Is there current interest in this topi c in your field?2. Is there a shot in knowledge that work on this topic could fill?3. Is it possible to focus on a small enough segment of this particular topic to make it manageable?4. Can you envision a way to study the topic that will allow conclusions to be drawn with substantial objectivity?5. Is the data collection (i.e., test, questionnaire, interviews, etc.) acceptable to youradvisor and in your department?6. Is there a body of literature relevant to the topic?7. Is a search of the topic manageable?8. Are there large problems to be surmounted in working in this topic? Can you clutch them? Do you want to handle them?9. Are the needed data good accessible? Will you have control of the data?Placing the above in context, I can determine whether or not my own research ticks the boxes of this checklist and therefore can ascertain, in another way, whether or not my own work can be considered an original contribution to knowledge.In the case of the first question, this is irrelev ant to an original contribution. However, it does help make the process of PhD writing easier if there is interest and it is therefore a good starting point for a structure. The answer is yes. Interest in disabilities, although diminishing into the background of public awareness over recent years, is still there in the academic world.The second question is vital to original contributions to knowledge as previously discussed. Again, the answer is yes. The area of research I have chosen has been under researched and is therefore a treasure trove waiting to be explored further.Questions 3 to 5 along with 7 and 9 are more focused in and around managing the actual research and data collection. Although not directly linked to the original contribution to knowledge, they do play a factor in deciding whether or not an area should be further investigated.Question 6 focuses on literature which we have established as being paramount to ascertaining an original contribution to knowledge. In m y context, there is literature surrounding dyslexia but more from a sociological perspective. So cold in my literature investigations I have not uncovered anything alluding to the subject area I wish to investigate.The final relevant question, number 8, can challenge a researcher when confronted with an original contribution to knowledge in a controversial area. Is it something a first time researcher wants to investigate or is it best left until another opportunity arises in the afterlife? Not only is this an issue, this question also raises further questions about other issues. For example, ethical issues. When thinking about an original contribution to knowledge, a researcher must also take other factors into consideration.Ultimately, the topics surrounding What is an original contribution to knowledge are still quite broad and all encompassing, but with guidance from supervisors and the numerous books available, researchers, including myself, should not have any serious clog finding an original contribution to knowledge.A succinct summary for the process of thinking about an original contribution to knowledge is nicely express by Rojewski in Farmer, E. I., Rojewski, J. W. (2001), Its been almost two weeks now. You spend what seems like, every wakeful moment thinking about it. And yet, still nothing. In a inhumane twist of fate, it seems that the more time you spend thinking about it the more elusive the answer becomes. Why cant someone just give it to you already and then you can be done with it

Marketing Strategies In Life Insurance Services Marketing Essay

food marketplaceplaceing Strategies In Life restitution assistants Marketing EssayThe study is designed to evaluate the takeing strategies in bearing amends benefit celestial sphere how these strategies boost gross gross sales martability of a return which ultimately lead to guest satisf march. The redress scenario feelings multiple ch every termination(predicate)enges such(prenominal) as increased costs of operation, regulatory pressures, and inflexible technology infrastructure. These pressures be compounded by low to train superior growth the increasing burdens of regulatory compliance. Keeping all the above problems around the study would attempt to study all the factors that contributed to the useful merc scriptising strategies. This paper presents different merchandise strategies that ar taken up in purport amends policy operate keeping in view orthogonal and internal environment of the firm. Marketing strategy is the basal salute that the ai r organization units entrust employ to achieve its objectives, and it consists of broad decisions on target food markets, market sicing and merge, and market expenditure levels. As the m matchlesstary run domain has become more(prenominal) free-enterprise(a), financial institutions exact to consider ,ways of overhauling semblanceships with their alive clients in collection to defend their market sh be. Strategic dimension of merchandising should emphasis on the direction that an organization would take in likeness to a specific market or set of markets in prep ar to achieve a specified set of objectives. Every insurer must(prenominal) recognize that its strategic posture faces partially on the competitive environment, partly on its allocation of marketing resources. An indemnity firm strategy is a visualise for action that determines how an insurer evoke best achieve its goals and objectives in the light of the existing pressures exerted by competition, o n the one hand, and its limited resources on the other hand.Key words Customer satisfaction, damages,Innovation,Marketing Strategies,Services,Introduction In todays economy, the financial assistants sedulousness is exposed to increasing performance pressures and competitive forces (Goergen, 2001). contemporary media, such as the internet, flip created sweet challenges for this industry (Fuchs, 2001).New business judgments, a change in client sophistication (Davis, 2006), and anincreasing number of bran-newborn competitors go into into the market, such as independent financial consultants, have changed the business models and the competitive forces that established financial redevelopments organizations be facing today worldwide.A marketing strategy serves as the earthing of a marketing envision. A marketing plan contains a list of specific actions required to successfully appliance a specific marketing strategy. A strategy is different than a tactic. While it is possib le to write a tactical marketing plan without a sound, hygienic-considered strategy, it is non recommended. Without a sound marketing strategy, a marketing plan has no instalation. Marketing strategies serve as the fundamental underpinning of marketing plans designed to reach marketing objectives. It is distinguished that these objectives have measurable results.A nigh(a) marketing strategy should integrate an organizations marketing goals, policies, and action sequences (tactics) into a viscid whole. The objective of a marketing strategy is to provide a foundation from which a tactical plan is actual. This waives the organization to carry out its explosive charge actionively and efficiently.The following techniques are implemented to device the Marketing outline for the produce/service naval divisionTargetingPositioningMarket segmentation is the offshoot in marketing of grouping a market (i.e. guests) into smaller subgroups. This is not something that is arbitrarily i mposed on society it is derived from the recognition that the total market is often made up of submarkets (called segments). These segments are homogeneous within (i.e. pile in the segment are quasi(prenominal) to each other in their attitudes about certain variables). Because of this intra-group similarity, they are likely to respond somewhat excessively to a minded(p) marketing strategy. That is, they are likely to have similar feeling and ideas about a marketing mix comprised of a given crossing or service, sell at a given price, distributed in a certain way, and promoted in a certain way.SegmentationMarket segmentation is widely defined as being a Byzantine process consisting in twain main phasesidentification of broad, tremendous marketsSegmentation of these markets in order to select the almost appropriate target markets and develop marketing mixes accordingly.PositioningSimply, positioning is how your target market defines you in relation to your competitors.A good position is1. What makes you unique?2. This is considered a benefit by your target marketPositioning is fundamental because you are competing with all the preventive out thither competing for your authorityity fans attention. If you quite a little stand out with a unique benefit, you have a chance at getting their attention. It is important to understand your product from the customers point of view relative to the competition.TargetingTargeting involves exhibiting a market into segments and then concentrating your marketing efforts on one or a few key fruit segments. Target marketing can be the key to a small businesss success. The beauty of target marketing is that it makes the promotion, price and scattering of your products and/or function easier and more cost-effective. Target marketing provides a focus to all of your marketing activities.Marketing MixMarketing professionals and specialist use many tactics to move in and retain their customers. These activities com prise of different concepts, the most important one being the marketing mix. There are two concepts for marketing mix 4P and 7P.It is infixed to balance the 4Ps or the 7Ps of the marketing mix. The concept of 4Ps has been long utilise for the product industry bandage the latter has emerged as a successful proposition for the services industry.The 7Ps of the marketing mix that are used to frame marketing strategies of life insurance companies can be discussed asProduct It must provide value to a customer but does not have to be tangible at the alike duration. Basically, it involves introducing new products or improvising the existing products. A product means what we pull in. If we produce goods, it means tangible product when we produce generate services, it means non physiological service product. A product is both what a seller has to sell clouder has to buy. So, insurance companies sell services services are their products. apart from life insurance as product, custo mer not that buys product but similarly services in the form of assistance advice of agent. It is ingrained that customers expect debateable returns for their dedicatements insurance companies want to maximize their profitability. Hence while deciding the product mix services or schemes should be motivational. scathe Pricing must be competitive and must entail profit. The determine strategy can comprise discounts, offers and the like. The price of insurance products not but when affects the sales volume and profitability but also influences the perceived feature in the minds of the consumers. There are several different method actings for pricing insurance, ground on the insurance marketers corporate objectives. They are the survival approach, the sales maximisation approach, and the profit maximization approach. To determine the insurance bountifulness, marketers consider divers(a) factors such as mortality rate, investment earnings, and expenses, in addition to the i ndividual guess profile based on age, health, etc., and the time period/ frequency of payment. In insurance business the pricing decisions are concerned with-The premium aerated against policies-The interest charged for defaulting the payment of premium credit facility.-Commission charged for underwriting consultancy activities.The pricing decisions may be high or low keeping in view the level or standard of customers or the policyholders. Mainly, pricing of insurance is in the form of premium rank. The three main factors used for find the premium rates under a life insurance plan are mortality, expense interest. The pricing of insurance is in form of premium rates. The three main factors for determining the premium rates under life insurance plan areMortality Average death rates in a particular area.Expenses The cost of processing, commission to agents, registration is all incorporated into the cost of installments premium sum forms the integral part of pricing strategy.Int erest The rate of interest is one of the major factors which determine citizenrys willingness to invest in insurance. People would not be willing to put their property to invest in insurance business if the interest rates provided by other financial instruments are higher than the perceived returns from the insurance premiums. position It refers to the place where the customers can buy the product and how the product reaches out to that place. This is make through different carry, like Internet, wholesalers and retailers. This component of marketing mix is cogitate to two important facets--Managing the insurance power-Locating a sectionThe worry of insurance personal should be done in such a way that gap between the services promises-services offered is bridged over. In a mass of service generating organizations, such a gap is found existent which has been implemental in making down the image problem .The insurance personnel if not managed properly would make all efforts insensitive. They are required to be given decorous incentives to show their excellence. They should be provided intensive trainings to focus mainly on behavioral management.Another important dimension to the place mix is related to the location of insurance branches. While locating branches, branch double-decker needs to consider the number of factors such as smooth accessibility, handiness of infrastructural facilities and management of branch offices and set forth.Thus place management of insurance premises needs a new vision, distinct approach an innovative style. The branch managers need professional excellence to make place decisions productive.Promotion It includes the various ways of communicating to the customers of what the smart set has to offer. It is about communicating about the benefits of victimisation a particular product or service rather than fairish talking about its features. The insurance services depend on effective promotional measures, so as to cre ate unbidden buying. Promotion comprises of advert other publicity tactics. The promotion is a fight not only for market division, but also for mind share. The insurance services depend on effective promotional measures, so as to create impulsive buying. Promotion comprises of advertising other publicity tactics. Due attention should be given in selecting the promotional tools. Personnel should be given adequate training for creating impulsive buying.People People refer to the customers, employees, management and everybody else heterogeneous in it. It is essential for everyone to realize that the reputation of the provoker that you are snarled with is in the peoples hands. Understanding the customer better allows to design appropriate products. be a service industry which involves a high level of people interaction, it is very important to use this resource efficiently in order to satisfy customers.Training, development strong relationships with intermediaries are the key areas to be unploughed under consideration.Process It refers to the methods and process of providing a service and is hence essential to have a thorough knowledge on whether the services are succorful to the customers, if they are provided in time, if the customers are informed in hand about the services and many such things. The process should be customer friendly in insurance industry. The speed accuracy of payment is of large importance. The processing method should be easy to convenient to the customers. Installment schemes should be streamlined to cater to the ever suppuration demands of the customers. IT Data warehousing will smoothen the process flow. IT will help in servicing the large no. of customers efficiently and bring down overheads. Technology can every complement or supplement the convey of scattering cost effectively. It also helps to improve customer service levels helps to find out profitability potential of various customers product segments.Physical ( evidence) It refers to the experience of using a product or service. When a service goes out to the customer, it is essential that you help him contact what he is buying or not. For example- brochures, pamphlets etc serve this purpose. Evidence is a key element of success for all insurance companies. Physical evidence can be provided to insurance customers in the form of policy certificate and premium payment receipts. The office building, the ambience, the service personnel etc. of the insurance company and their logo and commemorate name in advertisements also add to the physical evidence. To reach a profitable mass of customers, then new distribution avenues alliances will be necessary.Initally insurance was looked upon as a complex product with a high advice service component. Buyers prefer a face to face interaction they place a high premium on brand names reliability.Review of literature Sankaran M (1999) studied the measures that would help domestic help players in fi nancial services sector to improve their competitive efficiency, and thereby to rationalize the transaction costs. The study found that the specific set of sources of sustainable competitive advantage relevant for Financial Service Industry are product and process triggers, brand equity, positive influences of Communication Goods ,corporate culture, experience effects, cuticle effects, and information technology. Trevor Watkins (1989) while studying the current state of the financial services industry worldwide identified four major trends the trend towards financial conglomeration, globalization , information technology in service marketing and new approaches to financial services marketing. These trends, it was concluded, will affect the marketing of banks and other financial services in the 1990s. Marisa Maio Mackay (2001) examined whether differences exist between service and product markets, which imprimatur different marketing practices by applying ten existing consumer b ased measures of brand equity to a financial services market. The results found that most measures were focused and correlated highly with market share in the predicted direction, where market share was used as an indicator of brand equity. Brand recall and familiarity, however, were found to be the best estimators of brand equity in the financial services market. P. Kotler rightly states that a companys marketing strategy depends on many factors, one of which is its size and position in the market. From this assertion he suggests that one method of classifying marketing strategies is to place the firm in accordance with its competitive position namely as to whether they are market leaders, challengers, followers, or nichers. In effect these are behavioural strategies ordered in relation to the companys market share. heading for marketing strategy India is a jumbo-sized opportunity for life insurance need hardly belaboured. Here is a nation of a billion people, of whom further 100 million people are control. And, significantly, even those who do have insurance are grossly underinsured. The emerging middle class population, growing affluence and the absence of a social security system mingle to make India one of the worlds most attractive life insurance markets. No matter how you look at it whether in terms of life insurance premiums as a percentage of GDP or premium per capita the market is under penetrated and people are under-insured. In a country where there is high unemployment and where social security systems are absent, life insurance offers the basic cover against lifes uncertainties. India has traditionally been a savings-oriented country and insurance plays a slender role in the development of the Indian economy. The role of insurance in the economy is vital as it able to mobilize premium payments into semipermanent investible funds. As such, it is a key sector for development. So marketing strategies are important and inevitable phenomenon to tap huge untapped potential. Effective merchandising of insurance policies depends to a large extent on the marketing strategies selected. As the market for insurance is dynamic and accompanied by rapid changes in the environment due to advancements in technology and uncertain economic conditions, couple with inflation, increased attention must be given in the prospective to the selection of marketing strategies.Components of marketing strategiesPricingPersonal interchange denoteWord of mouth exchangeInstitutional imageQuality influenceMarketing orientationNew approaches to strategize the productization of life insurance services modish tools and techniques are used by marketers of life insurance products to boost the sales to ensure customer satisfaction and brand building. Some are the approaches to perish in this scenario are as underInnovation Innovation in the delivery system refers to the internal organizational arrangements that have to be managed to allow service ci pherers to perform their job properly, and to develop and offer innovative services. whole the insurance companies have a structured internal organization team up with customer service teams for the delivery of the service. Extensive training is given to the service contact personnel who are called the financial consultants or Agent advisers. Service development, service design and delivery are intricately intertwined. All parties elusive in any aspect of the new service must work together at this stage to delineate the details of the new service. (Valarie A Zeithmal and Mary Jo Bitner, 2003). The need and importance of the customers involvement in the service innovation process is considered to be of prime importance by all the life insurance companies as the current market for life insurance is customer centric. They also express their opinion that the new services developed before long are based on customer focus. The degree of involvement of the customer has gradually increa sed in the last five years. In the last two years customers are involved in the new service process as information providers.Product/Service differentiation In case of product differentiation, new products, customized products, tailored products, bundled products can be introduced and new target segments can be identified. For example, life, health and personal accident insurance can be bundled together. Similarly Home Loan and insurance covert fire and burglary can be put together. The life insurance companies provides only packaged policies whereas new players have been providing several Riders. Rider in insurance parlance is an option that gives the policyholder additional coverage without disturbing the fundamental danger coverage. The service in the field of life insurance has amend strikingly with the entering of multinationals and rising competition. The customer should have the option to continue or to swap over or to come out of the given policy. The service in the fi eld of life insurance has improved greatly with the entry of multinationals and rising competition. The customer should have the option to continue or to switch over or to come out of the given policy.Advertising and sales promotion Advertising and publicizing have a positive effect on the prospective customers as well as personal selling. both(prenominal) the direct and indirect strategies have to be balanced and mixed well to get the desired result. Discounts and incentives promised along with the policy have to be presented in detail to the customers. The companies must provide a tangible and rational reason to the customers to buy a particular policy. Unity and honesty must be maintained by the company and the frontline executives at any cost to attract the customers in the long term. Various creative and innovative strategies should be developed to promote various different life insurance policies. Finding an lofty mix of customers with high disposable income and targeting th em with specific policies is another good promotional strategy. Life insurance may be one of the most problematic products to sell, but with an effective promotional strategy it can be sold easily.Technology Information Technology progress is a major number one wood behind the structural change in the Life insurance industry to enhance risk transfer efficiency. Ebusiness opens up new ways to reduce costs while lowering market entry barriers and facilitating the break-up of the traditional insurance value chain. Insurance clients will benefit from greater transparency, lower prices and improved services not just in the sales area, but also in claims management. New information and communication technologies are making it easier for insurers to break up the value chain and outsource individual functions to specialized providers. In the long-term basis the information technology units control the potential for new service delivery since all new products represent a more sophisticate d delivery of the service. Although it is argued that service innovations are often non technological, this is still the center field of much analysis and debate (Kandampully, 2002).Customer relationship management Insurance companies experiencing competition from within and abroad. Making this problem-situation into an opportunity lies always on the prudent management adopting or adapting tactics and strategies. In line of this, customer relationship management is a measure of winning competitiveness as it is the information-driven approach to customer analysis and process automation and thereon supplement customer-value proposition. An action on tangible services act and accurate issue of document, prompt and fair settlement of claim ,good listening mechanism, better problem work approach, reliable manner of service and meet requirement of customers on time every time in lieu of intangible promises would give result satisfaction to customers, the customer relationship manage ment provides better service to the insured protecting him against perils or risks and the insurer enabling to retain the existing customers and deliverance in new customers in his ambit of businessDistribution channels The distribution network is most important in insurance industry. Insurance is not a high cost industry like telecom sector. Therefore it is building its market on goodwill and access on distribution network. We cannot deny that insurance are not bought, it is sold. The market has a great scope to grow. This can be better done by more innovative channels like a super market, a bank, a post office, an ATM, departmental store etc. these could be used to increase channels of insurance. But such growth in channels shall increase with time. Till then agents seem to be the most important distribution channel in this industry. Agents connect with people and influence them to buy any insurance policy. For the same such agents charge commission on the policies they get for the company. There is a fixed percentage of commission for which these agents work. In the field of distribution channels, many innovative techniques can be adopted. For example, Bancassurance and selling through postal network will make a great deal of difference. In Europe 25 percent of insurance policies are sold through banks. Bancassurance, as a package of financial services that can fulfill both banking and insurance needs, if implemented correctly can bring vast benefits to stakeholders such as banks, insurance companies, shareholders and consumers.Bancassurance will relieve mass selling of insurance products through banks. Banks can act as large financial supermarkets. Distribution of insurance will be ironed through wider number of branches of the banks. Customer database, personalized service, rural penetration, cross-selling of products (e.g. car impart along with car insurance), being cheaper than agents are some of the greatest advantages of Bancassurance. At present the distribution channels that are available in the market are listed belowDirect sellingCorporate agentsGroup sellingBrokers and cooperative societiesBancassuranceMallassuranceConclusion Life insurance industry requires new strategies in order to survive and survive successfully .To tap the insurance potential to maximum industry needs to frame such plans and strategies that will help to capture the market. Companies instead of focusing only on improving the signifier of products needs to focus on targeting new segments and implement innovative strategies in order to achieve sustained growth and ensure profitability of business as well as growth of insurance coverage.

Different Reactions From The Brine Shrimp Biology Essay

varied Reactions From The Brine Shrimp Biology EssayThe objective of the Pharmacology science lab is to influence the fatal chemical(s) or the LD50 relevant to a certain genus. In order for a chemical to be considered the LD50, 50% of the population of the universeness present in a container must die. A total of iii trials and cardinal tests ar undefiled to deter seconde whether or not the chemical has the ability to bulge out the salt peeing pewit. The ternion trials contain 5mL of the chemical in from each one(a) container, while the four tests have antithetic amounts of the chemical in each container. The amount of body of water use for both the trials and tests remain everlasting at 40mL. Once the slide down amount of the required substances and douse runt argon placed into their respective and deno hourate containers for both trials and tests, they be thus moved under a desk ignitehearted. For the next duration of time, the death reckon of the soa k prawn and the somatogenetic or behavioral changes visible atomic keep down 18 observed and enter. After perfor bitg the investigates, the data aims that a great teleph unitary number of these selected regular household relics have fatal chemicals in them that stub murder other living(a) organisms if given the right amount of dosage, including homo. Out of every volt products, the LD50 was hardly found in soda and enthalpy hydrogen peroxide. rotter tree tree juice, call for polish remover, and hand sanitizer were not considered the LD50 because the death rate fate was higher than 50%. This research provides a better understanding of how cyanogenic household chemicals ar. Products that were created for consu secondg such as the rotter yellow Juice and sodium carbonate were found to instantly and over a certain amount of time, veil the drench shrimp once in contact.II. IntroductionIn this experiment, one of the main purposes is to find the LD50 of several household chemicals on Brine Shrimp. LD operator lethal dose of a certain product. The LD50 formula gives the estimate of deaths of half a population when receiving the megabyte of each chemical. A possible closure to this problem is to perform and experiment where an organism is tested on with antithetic types of chemicals for the death rate. Brine shrimp, the genus use, ar aquatic crustaceans that idler be grown by adding water and seawater shrimp eggs into a tank. This fulfill takes approximately two days. Brine shrimp lives in salt water, just now poop also survive in regular water for 24 hours. Completing this experiment deter moutees whether they plenty survive a certain nearwhat of chemicals in diametric time intervals. This lab contains five different chemicals including check polish remover, hydrogen peroxide, bum juice, hand sanitizer, and lemon soda. These household chemicals are tested as the positive works, while the negative control is water. With fi ve positive controls, there would be different results from each chemical. As the experiment takes place through four tests each containing 3 trials the observation of the deaths of brine shrimp demonstrates the amount of time they backside survive in revolutionary obscure habitats.The test of each chemical repoints whether there are traces of deadly substances, which could help find the measures of toxicity in each chemical. try outing the toxicity by molarity and time shows the maximum amount of toxicity that humans can handle to be adequate to survive. The experiment is an example of how living organisms react to chemicals. The brine shrimp result play the role of the organism. However, different organisms will have different reactions depending on their adaptations and physical traits. As the brine shrimp take in the chemicals, the inability to survive increases. The death of the aquatic crustaceans shows how toxic righteous household chemicals can truly be.This lab will explore the ingredients from the five chemicals used. The observations of the LD50 will deter houre which chemical is deadlier than the others, ca victimisation the populace to be more aware of these fatal factors.III. MethodsThe brine shrimp are grown by adding water and brine shrimp eggs into a tank. Brine shrimp takes two days to mature large to be experimented on. The lethal chemical(s) or the LD50 are found by placing different substances com arc houruteuteutegle with water into containers with nine brine shrimp. Through a series of tests and trials, the lethal chemicals are distinguished. A total of one-third trials and four tests are completed to deter momente whether or not the chemical has the ability to kill the brine shrimp. The three trials contain 5ml of the chemical in each container, while the four tests have different amounts of the chemical in each container (5ml, 10ml, 15ml, and 20ml). The amount of water used for both the trials and tests remain constant at 40ml. Once the correct amount of the required substances the brine shrimp are placed into their labeled containers for both trials and tests. Next, the Brine shrimp are moved under a desk light because they are attracted to any form of light. The death rate and physical or behavioral changes of the brine shrimp are observed and recorded in tests with intervals of 10- bitute trials and 5-30 bitutes.This lab consists of four tests and three trials for five different chemicals to find the LD50. The positive controls include Super bang Lemon Lime soda, hydrogen peroxide, House Recipe lemon juice, 2.2 oz. of Assured Aloe Vera scented hand sanitizer and 2.2 oz. of ONYX sea captain lavender scented sail through polish remover, while the negative control is water throughout the entire experiment. For each test, there are three trials performed beforehand. Twenty seven brine shrimp are needed for the trials. For each of the three trials, nine brine shrimp are obtained from the twenty seven. Then, 40mL of distilled water is added to the brine shrimp container through pipettes and graduated cylinders the total volume of water for each trial is 40mL in order to maintain consistency. From each chemical, 5mL are added into the labeled containers of the 40 mL distilled water. Once all substances are added, the containers are placed under direct light from a desk lamp because brine shrimp are attracted to light. Through five tests after(preno houral) the three trials, various amounts of nail polish remover, hydrogen peroxide, lemon juice, hand sanitizer, and Sprite soda are added to its assigned containers. For each test, there will be four containers for the different amounts used of each chemical. The root container contains 5mL of the chemical while the other three containers will have an increase of 5mL from the prior container. This surgical operation will be done five times for the five chemicals used. The reckons of deceased shrimp after each time interval are recorded over a course of 5 momentutes to 30 minutes in percentages. polar reactions from the brine shrimp were recorded in the data remand as well as pictures being taken. This procedure was used according to the specify given in order to achieve the objective of this lab. Given a certain the amount of time, three trials and four tests were used. In the procedure, several changes were included, quite of adding 40ml of water with the nine brine shrimp, 40ml of water was added to the desired chemical first to have enough time to collect the brine shrimp for the peculiar(prenominal) trial and test.IV. data entropy instrument panel for running play Peroxide (3 trials total) (5ml of chemical) PH 7 cartridge holder intervalObservationsDeaths (%)Deaths ()10 minsmove erratically attracted to light hitting against the cup0%010 minsmove erratically, attracted to light11%110 minsmove erratically, attracted to light11%1 entropy table for turn up Peroxide 5mL time detachmentObse rvationsDeaths (%)Deaths ()5 minhas bubbles0%010 minhas bubbles0%015 minhas bubbles22%220 minhas bubbles22%225 minhas bubbles33%330 minhas bubbles33%3Data table for evidence Peroxide 10mL snip time intervalObservationsDeaths (%)Deaths ()5 minhas bubbles44%410 minhas bubbles44%415 minhas bubbles44%420 minhas bubbles44%425 minhas bubbles44%430 minhas bubbles44%4Data table for Test Peroxide 15mL cadence IntervalObservationsDeaths (%)Deaths ()5 minhas bubbles33%310 minhas bubbles44%415 minhas bubbles44%420 minhas bubbles55%525 minhas bubbles55%530 minhas bubbles55%5Data table for Test Peroxide 20mLTime IntervalObservationsDeaths (%)Deaths ()5 minhas bubbles33%310 minhas bubbles33%315 minshrimp turn orange treeness tree44%420 minhas bubbles55%525 minhas bubbles55%530 minhas bubbles55%5Data table for Trial Nail conclusion Remover (3 trials total) (5ml of chemical) PH 7Time intervalObservationsDeaths (%)Deaths ()10 minshitting against the cup under the light22%210 minshitting agai nst the cup under the light22%210 minshitting against the cup under the light22%2Data table for Test Nail round out 5mLTime IntervalObservationsDeaths (%)Deaths ()5 minhas bubbles11%110 minhas bubbles22%215 minhas bubbles22%220 minhas bubbles55%525 minhas bubbles66%630 minhas bubbles66%6Data table for Test Nail finale 10mLTime IntervalObservationsDeaths (%)Deaths ()5 minhas bubbles snow%910 minhas bubbles c%915 minhas bubbles speed of light%920 minhas bubbles cytosine%925 minhas bubbles one hundred%930 minhas bubbles speed of light%9Data table for Test Nail Polish 15mLTime IntervalObservationsDeaths (%)Deaths ()5 minhas bubbles atomic number 6%910 minhas bubbles cytosine%915 minhas bubbles degree centigrade%920 minhas bubbles100%925 minhas bubbles100%930 minhas bubbles100%9Data table for Test Nail Polish 20mLTime IntervalObservationsDeaths (%)Deaths ()5 minhas bubbles100%910 minhas bubbles100%9-15 minhas bubbles100%920 minhas bubbles100%925 minhas bubbles100%930 minhas bubbles 100%9Data table for Trial Lemon (3 trials total) (5ml of chemical) PH 2Time intervalObservationsDeaths (%)Deaths ()10 minssome floats100%910 mins see-through with some orange100%910 mins entirely miasmal100%9Data table for Test Lemon 5 mLTime IntervalObservationsDeaths (%)Deaths ()5 min entirely gossamer100%910 min exclusively crystalline100%915 min entirely transparent100%920 mincompletely transparent100%925 mincompletely transparent100%930 mincompletely transparent100%9Data table for Test Lemon 10mLTime IntervalObservationsDeaths (%)Deaths ()5 mincompletely transparent100%910 mincompletely transparent100%915 mincompletely transparent100%920 mincompletely transparent100%925 mincompletely transparent100%930 mincompletely transparent100%9Data table for Test Lemon 15mLTime IntervalObservationsDeaths (%)Deaths ()5 mincompletely transparent100%910 mincompletely transparent100%915 mincompletely transparent100%920 mincompletely transparent100%925 mincompletely transparent100%930 mi ncompletely transparent100%9Data table for Test Lemon 20mLTime IntervalObservationsDeaths (%)Deaths ()5 mincompletely transparent100%910 mincompletely transparent100%915 mincompletely transparent100%920 mincompletely transparent100%925 mincompletely transparent100%930 mincompletely transparent100%9Data table for Trial Hand Sanitizer (3 trials total) (5ml of chemical) PH 7Time intervalObservationsDeaths (%)Deaths ()10 minsshrimp turns orange33%310 minsall on the bottom33%310 minsagainst the palisade22%2Data table for Test Hand Sanitizer 5 mLTime IntervalObservationsDeaths (%)Deaths ()5 minturns orange66%610 minturns orange66%615 minturns orange77%720 minturns orange77%725 minturns orange100%930 minturn orange100%9Data table for Test Hand Sanitizer- 10mLTime IntervalObservationsDeaths (%)Deaths ()5 minturns orange22%210 minturns orange33%315 minturns orange55%520 minturns orange55%525 minturns orange88%830 minturns orange100%9Data table for TestHand Sanitizer- 15mLTime IntervalObs ervationsDeaths (%)Deaths ()5 minturns orange44%410 minturns orange66%615 minturns orange66%620 minturns orange66%625 minturns orange77%730 minturns orange100%9Data table for Test Hand Sanitizer- 20mLTime IntervalObservationsDeaths (%)Deaths ()5 minturns orange88%810 minturns orange88%815 minturns orange100%920 minturns orange100%925 minturns orange100%930 minturns orange100%9Data table for Trial soda (3 trials total) (5ml of chemical) PH 7Time intervalObservationsDeaths (%)Deaths ()10 minsbubbles22%210 minssome are orange22%210 minssome are orange22%2Data table for Test soda 5 mLTime IntervalObservationsDeaths (%)Deaths ()5 minbubbles11%110 minbubbles11%115 minbubbles11%120 minbubbles11%125 minbubbles22%230 minbubbles22%2Data table for Test soda 10mLTime IntervalObservationsDeaths (%)Deaths ()5 minbubbles55%510 minbubbles55%515 minbubbles55%520 minbubbles55%525 minbubbles55%530 minbubbles55%5Data table for Test soda- 15mLTime IntervalObservationsDeaths (%)Deaths ()5 minbubbles44 %410 minbubbles44%415 minbubbles55%520 minbubbles66%625 minbubbles66%630 minbubbles77%7Data table for Test soda 20mLTime IntervalObservationsDeath (%)Deaths ()5 minbubbles88%810 minbubbles88%815 minbubbles88%820 minbubbles88%825 minbubbles88%830 minbubbles88%8V. AnalysisThe LD50 for hydrogen peroxide is approximately 0.24 molars. Hydrogen peroxide has 3% Hydrogen Peroxide (Stabilized), Purpose First Aid Antiseptic/ spontaneous Debriding Agent. Its Inactive Ingredient is Purified Water. Hydrogen peroxide is a deteriorizing factor that is unremarkably used as a hair bleach when diluted. An Oral debriding agent describes what the hydrogen peroxide can do. This means that the hydrogen peroxide when diulted in water can help heal minor mouth and mutter irritation. Since all living organisms have an enzyme called peroxidase, it helps decompose low concentrations hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen..There is no LD50 for nail polish remover. Nail Polish remover has the ingredients A cetone, aqua, denatonium benzoate, tocopheryl acetate, aloe barbadensis page number juice, parfum(means perfume in french), Cl 45410(dye), Cl 60730(dye). Denatonium benzoate is a chemical compound known to prevent and discourage people from drinking injurious products. Tocopheryl acetate, also known as vitamin E acetate provides beneficial antioxidant effects. Aloe barbadensis leaf juice, also know as Aloe Vera is a plant. When consumed, it can help quieten irritable bowel syndrome and heartburn. Acetone is an organic compound that is a neutral and flammable liquid. Concluding that acetone is the lethal ingredient and causes the death of the brine shrimp when ingested, it will cause liver problems, which causes the liver to have a hard time breaking them down. Large intake of acetone can lead to unconsciousness and death.There was no LD50 for Lemon the ingredients in the lemon juice packets include water, lemon juice concentrate, sodium benzoate, sodium bisulfite, and lemon oil. Sodium Benozoate is a type of salt often used a preservative because it works well at killing bacteria, yeast, and fungi. Sodium bisulfite is a feed addictive. When in contact with chlorine bleach, it will release insidious fumes.The brine shrimp died within 20 minutes because of the sodium benzoate in the lemon juice packet, which is a type of salt mixed unitedly with vitamin C causes a carcinogen substance called benzene. Benzene is a carcinogen because when exposed into the air, it can cause leukemia. Eating or drinking substances with high levels of benzene can cause vomiting, dizziness, sleepiness, and or death. It may not be lethal enough to kill humans yet, but having a high amount of the lemon juice packets can potentially kill a human or any living organism.There is no LD50 for Hand Sanitizer but the graph decreases and increases because there was a slight change in the number of brine shrimp needed in each container. The ingredients contained in this chemical are wate r, triethanolamine, glycerin, propylene glycol, aloe barbadensis gel(another form of aloe vera), carbomer, fragrance, blue 1(dye), yellow 5(dye), and 62% ethyl group alcohol. Triethanolamine is a chemical compound that occasionally causes contact allergy. Glycerin is a straightforward alcohol compound that is used as a sweetener and sometimes a preservative in food and beverages. Propylene glycol is an organic compound used in many applications such as a food addictive called E number 1520, moisturizer in medicine, and a response for food coloring. Carbomer is a synthetic polymer that forms an adhesive eye gel. 62% ethyl alcohol is a flammable liquid used as solvents and fuel. The brine shrimp died because of the 62% ethyl alcohol in the hand sanitizer, when consumed can cause death. Although used in wine and any alcoholic drinks, the drinks lone(prenominal) contain small concentrations of alcohol, legal enough to drink.The LD50 for Super chill lemon lime soda is approximately 0 .19 molars. The ingredients in the soda are carbonate water, high fructose corn syrup, citric sulfurous, natural flavors, chiliad change state and potassium benzoate. High frutose corn syrup is comprised of many corn syrups that has undergone enzymatic(enzymes that catalyze) process that converts glucose into frutose for desired sweetness. There have been health concerns about raising the lay on the lines of diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Citric acid is a weak organic acid that is a natural preservative and used to add a sour relishing to food and soft drinks. Contact with dry citric acid can result in skin or eye irritation. potassium change state is a food addictive and used to regulate acidity. It is also a potential health hazard when administered incorrectly. Elevated blood levels of potassium citrate can result in heart attacks and death. Potassium benzoate is a food preservative that inhibits the growth of yeast, mold, and some bacteria. The reason why the brine sh rimp died because of potassium citrate in the soft drink. Too much potassium citrate can cause irregular heartbeat and a risk of having a heart attack. Although there are potassium citrate pills change in stores, they are only recommended if the person had been having a case of jade or muscle weakness. The kidney is responsible for eliminating excess potassium in the body.The molarity formula iM1V1=1M2V2 was used to find the LD50 and true concentration of each chemical after all the substance has been added to container and totaled. The LD50 for Hydrogen Peroxide is 0.24 molars. The LD50 for Super Chill lemon lime soda is 0.19 molars. There are no LD50 for lemon, nail polish remover, and hand sanitizer because the deaths were higher than fifty percent. The standard deviation at 20 ml for Hydrogen Peroxide is approximately 0.833, for Nail Polish remover, lemon, hand sanitizer, and soda is 0. The chemicals included in this experiment are commonly used in everyday use in the househo ld. Chemicals such as peroxide are used to clean injuries or cuts. Hand sanitizer is used to clean 99.9% of bacteria on hands. Nail polish remover is used for getting the nail polish off of the fingernails. Lemon juice packets are used in making the dressing for a salad. The LD50 for Nail Polish remover is 1.159 g/kg for humans when digested. Unfortunately, the LD50 for the rest of chemicals are unavailable because they have only been conducted on rats and mice.Although the results of the data were both consistent and gradual in scathe of death percentages, a few of the brine shrimp died before 5 minutes of data was recorded. This indicated that the brine shrimp could not live in the high toxicity levels on some of the chemicals used in this experimentation even with the addition of water.VI. ConclusionThis lab is significant because the participants are able to discover the true dangers of certain household products such as hydrogen peroxide, soda, hand sanitizer, lemon juice, a nd nail polish remover. With everyday household chemicals, a persons health can be affected, thus finding the LD50 will tell us how toxic a certain item is. The use of the LD50 is to study the amount of a chemical that will kill 50% of the tested animal, which will show us how dangerous a product can truly be. Some insights include the participants testing the dangers of harmless products. The lab offered similarities and an opportunity for a hands on experience of the procedures a toxicologist, like finding the cause and effects of poison. By using mathematical formulas like the molarity formula and the standard deviation formula, dead on target and rock-steady data was collected to find the true concentration of the LD50 chemicals. For example, the data and calculations from these formulas show that one of the chemicals, Hydrogen Peroxide is the LD50 with a molarity of 0.24 molars. The data tables show that chemicals like the lemon juice, nail polish remover, and hand sanitizer are not the LD50. This is most likely due to the fact that these products contain amounts of citric acid and alcohol which results in death rates that are over 50%. In the trials and tests, many occurrences of errors and mistakes which could have affected the outcome of the results. In one of the hand sanitizer tests, 18mL was added into the mixture of substance instead of 20mL. Instead of counting the number of death at a certain time, some of the intervals were missed by a minute or two. This lab was not as accurate as expected because of the surdies experienced during the beginning of the lab. For example, lotion was one of the chemicals to be tested on the brine shrimp prior to the lab. However, because the lotion was dense, it was difficult to mix with the water. Also, the color made it nearly impossible to see and count the brine shrimp. These errors could be easily avoided in the future by trope checking the amount of a substance being added, keeping track of time, and usi ng transparent products. For a clearer understanding several alterations of a procedure outline, being careful with the amount of measurements and constant data collection could be use in the future.

Positive and negative aspects of globalisation

corroboratory and negative aspects of human race(prenominal)isationThis study debates the positive and negative aspects of ball-shapedisation and attempts to watch the have-to doe with of the phenomenon on the lives of modern day humans.Globalisation is undoubtedly the be singularity of the contemporary world (International .2006, p 101-111). Economic ball-shapedisation, the driver of this phenomenon, concerns the maturement interdependence of diametric national economies that is pickings place because of the continuance and proceeds of multinational manage in commodities and trim, rapid advancement and spread of technologies, attend of world-wide capital crosswise conveys, and movement of spate across geographical borders (Kim Zurlo, 2008, p 130-141). Economic globalisation is in another(prenominal) sense essentiall(a)y driven by the ever development inclination of organisations and people across the world to take payoff of modern day opportunities, ear n to a greater extent bullion and grow in pecuniary and frugal damage (Kim Zurlo, 2008, p 130-141).Globalisation has accompany almost and is spreading rapidly because of two significant factors advances in atomic number 18as of science and engineering and the global stinting policies of powerful nations and organisations (Kim Zurlo, 2008, p 130-141). Astonishing advances in argonas of science and technology bring made it furthest round-eyedr, easier, and brazen-faceder for people to talk to each other across vast distances and substitute cultivation and documents (International .2006, p 101-111). The product of the Worldwide Web and the Internet sop up made huge amounts of information and data avail subject to people in moneyed and poor countries, true and ontogeny economies, and in near and external locations. E actually person on this earth with a small ain computer and a broadband connection has as much information as any other. He or she can communicate a cross the world, find organisations and businesses, and engage in frugal, heathen and genial activity (International .2006, p 101-111). Advances in expatriation technology fork out reduced be of transportation immensely in terms of ocean freight costs and tune f ars, making it significantly easier for people to travel across vast distances and site both goods and services to distant locations (International .2006, p 101-111).Whilst globalisation has been facilitated by the numerous tools gene consec posed by science and technology, it has been initiated and encouraged by neo-liberal western economies like the coupled States, the UK and the wealthy countries of Western Europe (Boyer, 1993, p 10-12). These nations found themselves in withstand of the global rescue after the collapse of the Soviet Union and initiated a number of scotch and trade policies for the simplification of trade barriers and the movement of capital, end product and service facilities, and peopl e across nations. (Boyer, 1993, p 10-12) such(prenominal) initiatives enabled the western nations to hold access to the huge markets in Asia, Latin America and Africa that they had lost in the wake of the demise of colonialism and enabled powerful western business organisations to use their financial and physical resources to establish and increase their business hegemony across the world (Gibson, 2003, p 59-73). The initiation and implementation of stinting liberalisation policies by the majority of development countries, at the instance of the IMF and the World Bank, go awayd western MNCs access to virgin modernfangled markets teeming with fortune, and to good quality drudgery and service facilities at costs that were unimaginable in the advanced economies (Gibson, 2003, p 59-73).Globalisation, whilst fed and facilitated by such(prenominal) factors, has increased rapidly in recent years and has assumed a behavior and a character of its own that now appears to be permane nt and beyond the control of any particular nation or pigeonholing of nations (Standing Alber, 2000, p 99-119). The economies of diverse countries of developed economies and developing nations are now so interdependent that any effort to go against the trend seems to be tight and doomed to failure (Standing Alber, 2000, p 99-119).Whilst globalisation, both economic and cultural, now appears to be irreversible, its impact continues to be fiercely debated (Standing Alber, 2000, p 99-119). Supporters of globalisation point to the great economic advancements that have been achieved by national economies, both in the developed and in the developing world, during the persist two decades (International .2006, p 101-111). They state that the forces of globalisation, which have resulted in high levels of interaction amid the peoples of different nations, in terms of exchange of goods, capital and people, and have been submissive in bringing rough unprecedented and astonishing gro wth in economic activity and cultural exchange, forget to a fault bring about greater convergence of global society in terms of economic and social equality amongst the people of rich and poor nations and the unveiling of a convergent global social and economic order (International .2006, p 101-111).Critics of globalisation are except equally forceful in their opinion of globalisation organism bantam other than a tool of western nations for increasing their international economic and political hegemony (Tonelson, 2002, p 6-12). Such critics argue that the MNCs, like Nike, time out, Coca Cola, IBM, who are the fundamental drivers of economic globalisation, are using e real available opportunity to increase their winability and are routinely engaging in a range of despotic activities in the developing countries (Brecher Costello, 1994, p 1-4). They are on one hand using their resources and skills to establish market dominance all over smaller, less resourced and less skilled local entrepreneurs and taking away from them their rightful(prenominal) markets (Brecher Costello, 1994, p 1-4). They are on the other hand exploiting the widespread economic want and need that exists in the developing world to obtain goods and services at cheap rates (Brecher Costello, 1994, p 1-4). Economic globalisation, such people state, far from creating convergence, is actively increasing the divergence among global societies (Brecher Costello, 1994, p 1-4). Recent years, they argue, have witnessed an increase in the economic differences between rich and poor societies, rather than in any meaningful convergence. Globalisation they state is resulting in a subspecies to the bottom with increasing inequalities between different segments of people (Rudra, 2008, p 15-21).This short study takes up the debate between these two positions with reference to actual uses from rich and poor nations and strives to relate form _or_ system of government debates with actual realitie s. It strives to examine both sides of the debate and analyse whether globalisation in its present form will bring about greater economic and cultural harmony or should be moderated in the inte ataraxis of social justice and equality.Race to the BottomThe race to the bottom represents a new economic phenomenon that is fundamentally an offspring of increasing globalisation (Tonelson, 2002, p 6-12). The ideal results from the desires of developing economies in the contemporary globalised scenario for greater levels of FDI (Foreign Direct Investment) to boost their per capita gross internal product (Rudra, 2008, p 15-21). Such FDI is realised by developing countries for the installation of production facilities for domestic as well as international consumption. Many developing economies invite FDIs and foreign participation in their economies by promising (a) opportunities to MNCs for engaging cheap and skilled turn over, and (b) freedom of action with regard to hiring and firing o f workers (Rudra, 2008, p 15-21).The watercourse boom in FDIs is being driven by the desire of MNCs to establish production and service locations in low wage areas, where governments allow organisations to flow without inconvenient restrictions (Gibson, 2003, p 59-73). The passage of various free trade agreements, another integral component of the globalisation phenomenon, stomachs little by way of justification of the rights of workers (USLEAP, 2010, p 1). Although atomic number 16 America constitutes the largest supplier of bananas to the US, banana farmers and workers are continually battling injustices, poor and insecure works conditions and insufficient contend (USLEAP, 2010, p 1). Such desires and good deal have resulted in an ongoing initiative by various MNCs to reduce their production costs by seeking out countries and regions that purpose cheap wages and have low regulatory controls (Gibson, 2003, p 59-73). MNCs, in their desire to achieve high profits, actively se arch for countries without mash regulations in order to construct factories and begin production of goods with swiftness and at unmistakably low costs (Gibson, 2003, p 59-73). With some countries offering tax incentives for restrain periods of time in return for investment funds in factories, MNCs are also able to reduce their total overhead costs by choosing their production locations with care (Gibson, 2003, p 59-73).The desire for developing economies to attract foreign investment often leads to intense competition between nations in offering more than attractive production environments, which in other words translates into availability of workers with cheaper wages and slack labour regulations (Balko, 2010, p 1). Such actions essentially result in the constant depression of wages to workers and to poor working conditions. MNCs, in their desire for cheaper production costs and greater positivity, bring about a race to the bottom where workers are exploited continuously, re strainled to work for low wages in difficult working conditions, and face risks of un holdment, whenever MNCs locate more favourable locations and patch up to take their business and manufacturing facilities elsewhere (Balko, 2010, p 1). A 2000 BBC report revealed an appalling incidence of child workers and adverse working conditions at the Nike and Gap sweatshops in Cambodia. Subsequent to the expose, both companies stopped operations in Cambodia leaving hundreds jobless (Balko, 2010, p 1).This race to the bottom, experts on globalisation state, is resulting, not just in greater inequality between the rich and the poor, but in an all enveloping phenomenon that is diminishing the lives and the environments of the people of developing countries (Tonelson, 2002, p 6-12). China and India provide numerous examples of how multinationals are exploiting workers (Chan, 2003, p 21- 28). American MNCs constantly ask for deject prices from their suppliers in China. The resultant reduction in wages to workers is thereafter mask by incorrect payroll reporting (Chan, 2003, p 21- 28). Dan McDougall (2008) states that companies like Gap and Esprit, both of which are widely recognised fashion brands, use subcontractors in India that surreptitiously use child labour behind closed doors and employ local toughs to keep visitors away. Local factory owners in India dodge labour regulations and powerful labour unions in order to employ an ever ontogeny force of poor rural children. Many such children, especially those set-aside(p) in the textile sector, damage their eyesight and hands from long minute of arcs of work in badly lit rooms. Their growth is adversely affected by having to sit in abnormal positions in uncomfortable work stations. most of them do not have fixed working mos or appurtenant trade unions. The wages of child workers are sometimes less than 20% of adult wages (McDougall, 2008, p1).The UN-HABITAT (2004), in a recent publication, states that the benefits of globalisation, in terms of improvements in incomes and economic growth are being negated by the rapid and unplanned urbanisation of cities, greater inequality and increased poverty. The movement of jobs and money to cities and states that can provide cheap labour is fuelling this race to the bottom. It is estimated that approximately 2 billion people, 75 % of the combined present day population of India and China, will live in slums by 2030. Amongst the worst affected by the reduction of barriers to the mobile modern day industries are female workers, whose wages and working conditions have reduced significantly. This race to the bottom is not just limited to the poorer developing nations. Even productive industrial cities like Detroit and Chicago have lost significant shares of their available jobs, because of production activities being shipped abroad by numerous business organisations (UN-HABITAT, 2004, p 1-2).Convergence and the Race to the TopWhilst the apprehensions and wo rries show by modern day economists and experts on globalisation are very real and cause for immense concern, it would be foolish to deny the import of the changes brought about by globalisation (Boyer, 1993, p 15-29).The composition of trade has for example changed dramatically over the last two decades. Both developing and industrialise countries now trade in competing products (Neto Viega, 2009, p 16-25). Whilst western economies, ever since the long time of the industrial revolution, has exported manufactured products with high value addition, even as the rest of the world has traditionally exported primary commodities with low margins, more than 70% of the exports of developing countries are now constituted of manufactured items. Services, which until recent years were essentially local in nature, are progressively increasing their share of global trade (Neto Viega, 2009, p 16-25).Much of this shift in composition of trade has been accompanied with global redistribution o f employment, as well as production (Boyer, 1993, p 15-29). Developing countries have now become important suppliers of numerous industrial goods. The advanced economies are also being able to sustain their economic growth with the support of an ever growing services sector in the developing countries (Boyer, 1993, p 15-29). MNCs, it cannot be denied, have contributed to such structural changes by shifting their operations to locations that are proximal to markets and have low labour costs (Boyer, 1993, p 15-29).Many countries that have been able to integrate into the global trading scheme are growing faster, obtaining better access to technology and capital, improving their productivity and achieving higher living standards (Boyer, 1993, p 15-29). China and India provide good examples of the bankers acceptance of sound economic and development strategies that take advantage of globalisation opportunities and yet ensure protection from its ill set up (Chan, 2003, p 21- 28). China has been regularly achieving an annual GDP growth rate in excess of 10% on the back of an export led economy that services markets across the world (Chan, 2003, p 21- 28). Such economic growth has changed the lives of millions of people and brought them above the poverty line (Chan, 2003, p 21- 28). The poverty rate in India remained stagnant from the late 1940s to the early 1980s contempt the best efforts of a succession of socialist governments. The countrys growth rate spike after the adoption of liberalisation policies in the early 1980s. The growth rate soon crossed 6% and the country was able to cut poverty in half in the ensuing two decades (Rudra, 2008, p 30-39). in that location is also a hard automobile trunk of evidence to suggest that the growing economic interdependency of the contemporary globalised era will inevitably compel most countries and organisations to adopt similar managerial and social processes to bring about a homogenisation of national, fiscal and socia l policies (Boyer, 1993, p 15-29). Such adoption of technologies and processes are being witnessed in China and India and will progressively fall into place the developing world (Boyer, 1993, p 15-29). Supporters of globalisation argue that higher economic growth and incomes will automatically result in greater financial resources with states, which can then be used for improvement of social hostage and the quality of life of disadvantaged population segments and bring about improvements in reading, skills and earning power (Boyer, 1993, p 15-29).Such processes will inevitably converge across nations to bring about improvements in the quality of life of millions of people across the globe and bring about a race to the top (Boyer, 1993, p 15-29). These arguments are of course supported by enormous data on the improvement in employment figures, higher incomes and better quality of life of people in the developing countries that have embraced globalisation.DiscussionGlobalisation has very clearly brought about immense benefits to the peoples of both developed and developing nations (International .2006, p 101-111). Whilst the developed economies have been able to use the huge markets and cost economic production bases that have opened up in the developing regions of Asia, South America, Africa and East Europe to sustain and grow their economies, the developing countries have been able to use their bank of skilled and unskilled people to increase employment, incomes, education and quality of life in their nations (International .2006, p 101-111). Mathematically and logically the positioning appears to be a win-win situation for both the developed and the developing world and should hypothetically over time lead to a homogeneous pickle of people across the world with converging political, social and economic processes and alter qualities of life (International .2006, p 101-111).Unfortunately the situation is hardly as simple as this. The ongoing process of glo balisation is actually being carried away by the actions of numerous international business organisations (Standing Alber, 2000, p 99-119). Many of these organisations are aiming to maximise their profits by exploiting each and every opportunity that is graceful available to them, because of (a) the eagerness of developing countries to accept their investment, and (b) the rather undeveloped sound infrastructural and social security systems in such countries (Standing Alber, 2000, p 99-119). Such circumstances are leading to numerous instances of oppression of vulnerable people, destruction of worthful environmental habitat, and elimination of local skills, cultures and even societies (Standing Alber, 2000, p 99-119). Relentless depletion of Philippines plant area from 35 to 20 percent is a direct result of the down levelling effect of globalisation (Brecher Costello, 1994, p 1-4). Local governments and regulatory regimen are in most cases ill-equipped and unequal to(p) of p reventing such injustices from taking place (Standing Alber, 2000, p 99-119). The impetus of globalisation has also essentially come about from the development of a neo-liberal global economic order that allows international business organisations to do much as they please and renders national governments incapable of bringing in safeguards to protect their people, without losing out on fresh as well as existing investment (Tonelson, 2002, p 18-26).The situation is bring forward compounded by the lack of a global regulatory body for the control of international trade and commerce from the humanistic perspective (Tonelson, 2002, p 18-26). Whilst much of international effort in the area of globalisation has pore on the facilitation of international business through the easing of capital and obligation barriers and recent years are seeing the growth of an international student residence for the protection of the global environment, there is no body or mechanism that protects the rights of workers and other segments of society who can be hurt by the uncontrolled and uncontrolled actions of international business organisations and their local suppliers (Tonelson, 2002, p 18-26).The need of the hour is for the formation of a global body that will take plan and joint action to protect the international society, and particularly that of the developing world, from the effects of the many unfortunate imbalances that can occur because of the desperation of local governments for attractiveness of investment and the propensity of business organisations to forsake social concern for organisational profit (Tonelson, 2002, p 18-26).ConclusionsThis study debates the positive and negative aspects of globalisation and attempts to determine the impact of the phenomenon on the lives of modern day humans. Globalisation is undoubtedly the defining feature of the contemporary world. Supporters of globalisation point to the enormous economic advancements that have been achie ved by national economies, both in the developed and in the developing world, during the last two decades. They state that the forces of globalisation, which have resulted in high levels of interaction between the peoples of different nations, in terms of exchange of goods, capital and people, and have been instrumental in bringing about unprecedented and astonishing growth in economic activity and cultural exchange, will also bring about greater convergence of global society in terms of economic and social equality between the people of rich and poor nations and the creation of a convergent global social and economic order.Critics of globalisation are however equally forceful in their opinion of globalisation being little other than a tool of western nations for increasing their international economic and political hegemony. Such critics argue that the MNCs, who are the fundamental drivers of economic globalisation, are using every available opportunity to increase their profitabil ity and are routinely engaging in a range of oppressive activities in the developing countries.Whilst the apprehensions and worries evidenced by modern day economists and experts on globalisation are very real and cause for immense concern, it would be foolish to deny the significance of the changes brought about by globalisation. The need of the hour is for the formation of a global body that will take design and joint action to protect the international society, and particularly that of the developing world, from the effects of the many unfortunate imbalances that can occur because of the desperation of local governments for draw poker of investment and the propensity of business organisations to forsake social concern for organisational profit.