Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Movie Review ExampleThe movie, which has a historical condition notably the Second World War, shares the same ideology as the events that took place between 1942 and 1943 when constructing Burma Railway. In the movie, British prisoners set out to serve their sentence at a camp that was controlled by Japanese soldiers. Upon arrival, however, the air force officer in charge of the camp brings to their attention that all the prisoners are to cut part in the aspect of the bridge along river Kwai. The Colonel in charge of the British soldiers however does not support this ideology. Colonel Nicholson holds the opinion that the geneva Convention prohibits his team of British prisoners from taking part in such activities and orders his team not to take part in such activities.The ideological differences held by the leaders of the two camps leads to a lot of argument within the camp, with both the British prisoners and Nicholson their Lieutenant being punished by Commander Shears. Nichols on is locked up plan his troops are forced to withstand the strong heat brought about by the prevailing irate weather conditions. In a sudden change of events . Nevertheless, Commander Shears pardons Nicholson. Motivated by the face of getting it right, Lieutenant Nicholson orders his troops to restart the construction of the bridge along river Kwai as arrogate of the work that had been done is not worth. Soon after the construction work has been completed, the Major Warden and Lieutenant Joyce plot a ploy to destroy the bridge. To help them in accomplishing their task they plot explosives and several wires under the bridge. hazard does not however go their way as the water levels reduce exposing the explosives under the bridge. Lieutenant Nicholson and Colonel Saito conjugation hands, and amidst the prevailing circumstances, they manage to prevent Lieutenant Joyce from reaching the explosives. While going through the movie,

Summary of the narrative life of frederick douglass, An american slave Essay

Summary of the narrative life of frederick douglass, An American slave - Essay ExampleHis mother died without him knowing her well. At the years of seven, his mothers body was lay out fallen in one of Frederick masters farm, near Lees Mill. Having no slight intimation with his mother, he accepted her death ilk an ordinary death of a stranger, with no spark of pain in his heart.His first master was chief Anthony. People by his time say that his master is his father by which he did not prove to be a fact. maitre dhotel Anthony is a clerk and superintendent of Colonel Edward Lloyd. This man owns from three to four cytosine slaves in his plantation. Every month the slaves receive their monthly allowance of food - eight pounds of pork or fish, and one bushel of corn. Aside from this, they also receive a yearly clothing of two granular linen shirts and one pair of shoes.Just when he thought he is going to spend his stainless life under the agony of slavery, suddenly hope came his way upon knowing that he was allowed by Captain Anthony to stay in Baltimore with Mr. Hugh Auld. He was amongst the age of seven and eight that time.By the time Frederick reached Mr. and Mrs. Aulds house, he had felt the warmest welcome he had ever experienced in his entire life. This was the first time he had ever seen the most pleasant faces of slaveholders. The city slave, un standardised the slaves in the plantation, is almost a freeman. His stay to this perspective gave him the opportunity to learn the basics of English alphabet, through the help of Sophia Auld, his new mistress. But then, when her husband found out what she was doing, she had been forbidden to teach Frederick, for the reason that according to him, learning would spoil the best nigger in the world. Frederick this time has to learn reading in his own perseverance, and to bring his dream into reality, he made friends with the albumen boys whom he encountered in the street that later on helped him succeed in le arning to read.At the age of ten or eleven, he returned to his hometown, Holmes Hill Farm. This is because his master, Captain Anthony, died and all the slaves, including him have to be divided between his masters children, Mrs. Lucretia and Mr. Andrew. During this process, slaves were scrutinized before the division. No one wished to be a slave for Mr. Andrew for he is cruel and merciless like all other masters. Lucky enough, Frederick was chosen to be a slave for Mrs. Lucretias and was sent back to Baltimore.Upon reach the age when he could give dates, Frederick has left Baltimore to live with Master Thomas in March 1832. This time, he was sent to a guy named Mr. Covey. This guy claims to be religious, but has no heart for his slaves. He finds pleasures in whipping them all the time, and Frederick, being one of the slaves, did not escape this. He was beaten almost habitual until the time he thought it would be a benefit to take his own life. But the Ganadores 3hope of freedom sti ll lingers in his mind that stopped him from committing

Experimental Designs I Statistics Project Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Experimental Designs I - Statistics Project Example4. It sets the regularise of alpha error to the experiment error rate, which is usually 0.05. This is divided by comparisons in totality to font 1 error control if in that respect is a consideration of multiple comparisons. In case, the bonferroni test is applied, on that point will be a print out of multiple comparison tables by SPSS providing mean differences in dependent variables among groups. The importance of these differences is also given showing 0.05 to be the differences significant level.6. Post hoc comparisons ar performed when a researcher is finding out differences, which is not limited to an individuals theory (Gonzalez, 2008). Many tests that are carried out under post hoc apply the q statistics. If group means comparisons are chosen because of their large size, there is a variability increase expected. This must be compensated by the researcher through applications programme of more tests, or else there will be occurrences of type 1 errors.8. Repeated measures ANOVA is more powerful because every factor controls itself. In these designs, differences in individual subjects do not interfere with manipulation group differences (Kulinskaya & Dollinger, 2007).SS stands for variation df means the degree of freedom MS is the variance that is arrived at by SS/df, and F is the ratio test got by dividing between MS by within MS. In the table above, the MS of within-group is less than between groups which shows that the grouping has no effect. The grouping has been done in three categories, that is, df within groups be (3-1) =2. There are 4 people in every group, therefore, df within groups is the group number figure by one less the number of each group 3*2= 6. These are denominators and numerators df. From the F table with 0.0 5significance level, 5.14 is the critical value. As the F value that has been computed is less, it can be conclude that grouping variables have no effect on dependent var iable.SS stands

Cross Cultural Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

bollix Cultural Management - Assignment ExampleThe Interactive Ochre Newsflash not only join on but also promote cultural awareness of the population in the Aboriginal nuance and issues as one of Australias indigenous cultures. Nevertheless, a lot of effort needs to be emphasized found on beliefs and culture, even though countries have come a long way to go. Considerably, it is necessary to style at the beliefs, values, ideas, and attitudes that the Aboriginal population indigenous cultures think about as members of society. In addition, to the material butt of their cultures that finally shape up the normative patterns of Aboriginal people behavior more specifically the Anangu people. Uluru-Kata Tjuta discipline Park holds a traditional belief system of the Anangu people as it remains one of the approximately visited parks in Australia. Even though, Anangu is an Aboriginal community that resides next to and at bottom Uluru-Kata Tjuta National Park, they hold tight to the ir cultural tie with the park as they pay extra attention to anything that happens within the park as they remain as custodians (Australian Government, 2006, p.11). As taught through the lyrics they respect the park as stipulated by their ancestors through the Tjukurpa as they seek not to be judged from the color of their skin but from knowing more from the beauty within their heritage in the park. More so, for the Anangu community some of the cultural elements as they work and interact with non-Aboriginal people is characterized and guided by their beliefs, values, ideas and attitudes that have a long history from their ancestors Tjukaritja. As a result, some lovesome cultural issues are evident that affect the existence of relationships between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal people in present-day(prenominal) society. Through the culture of the Aboriginal community, an individual is able to identify the heritage and worldview of the Anangu people based on the conservation of the p ark. Most of the practices carried out by the Anangu people are influenced by their culture that they adopted from the ancestors. As the custodians of their ancestors who have lived in Uluru-Kata Tjuta National Park area for at least 22,000 years, they learn about aspects of their culture that they have never seen or heard. More significantly, individuals from the Anangu people follow the example of their elders, as they remain associated with several(a) ceremonies attributed to various types of plants and food (Holden, 2011 p. 105). As a result, they exalt Tjukurpa who are the community founders. All plants are joined to ancestral beings that are used for several purposes including food, firewood, medicines, tobacco, and making ornaments (Thomas, 2008 p. 153). More importantly, the Anangu people ensure that wrong people including both the non- Aboriginal men and women do not get access to sacred sites. As a result, they give warnings through their newsflash lyrics that people sho uld not walk in places where angels fear to tread signifying the upholding of beliefs (Australian Government, 2006, p.11).

London Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

capital of the United Kingdom - Essay deterrent exampleIt augmented its populace from one million to six million in the twentieth century, and in this period, London became an international political, economic, and transaction center (Dickinson 2008, p. 78). In this condition, it was largely unchallenged until the later times of the century, when Paris and invigorated York City started to bully its governance. However, as the city expanded in terms of richness as Britains property grew, London was also a city of scarcity where a crucial number of masses lived in congested and unhygienic areas during the 19th century. Nevertheless, the city was changed by the development of the railroads (Porter 2004, p.45). A new schema of municipal railways permitted the formation of outskirts in adjacent districts from which mid class and rich individuals could travel to the center. As this increase the massive outward expansion of the city, the development of greater London also exacerbated to the division of class as the rich people shifted to the outskirts, abandoning the underprivileged to occupy the innermost city area. During the 19th century, there were various impacts that were experience in London as a result of economic forces. For instance, being a vibrant city, long-standing jobs were altered, as new ones increased. The number of professions increased including civil engineers, clerks as well as accountants among others (Hosmer 2009, p.86). This new group, starting from the demean to the upper middle class, pushed its way between the customary skilled worker and the world of investment it was a great overwhelming team and they offered the city much of its social and economic charisma. In the 19th century, traders who were not the most significant political team had to share privileges and power with the noble court, administration and social as well as political officials because London was not an developed focus like Manchester (Divall 2003, p. 80). The c ustomary manufacturing prick in London included the factory that hired the experts of the London, primarily, crafts worker in these plants who mass-produced diversity of products. However, in the beginning of the 19th century, the industrialized uprising enforced a shift to manufacturing of extravagance and user products for native marketplaces. On the other hand, social and technological forces in London during the 19th century also touched differently on the lives of people for instance, for the manual workers, industry and technology led to significant blessings in suppress (Littlefield 2012, p.42). This is because some laborers viewed their old-fashioned artisan abilities being lost as technology replaced them. A case in point was the introduction of iron shipbuilding resulted into a reduction in demand for the woodworking abilities of shipwrights. On the contrary, other people were more luck and had job opportunities established for them. For instance, the construction of th e railway offered jobs for a significant number of untrained workers as they excavated channels and cuttings or hauled away the wreckages from castigating channels in places (Christl 2009, p. 56). Accordingly, the engineers of the period of railway construction were also responsible for developing completely new talents to conquer individuals during the course of their working time. condescension the fact that, the old ship construction trades may have endured the introduction

Self Control Theory of Crime Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Self Control Theory of Crime - Essay Example correspond to Hirschi (1969), processes of socialization result in the develop handst of self control which get downs us to avert from criminal behavior. turn behavior occurs when moral codes and shared norms are not internalized and when individuals are not incorporated into a partnership (Nye, 1958, p. 4). Social control theory derives from Hobbes social contr take on theory, which claims that our desire to belong to society causes us to sacrifice the freedom to act as we please in order to promote our co-existence. We do not act in a way that damages the freedom of those around us, and in doing so we become at ease with so much liberty against other men as he would allow other men against himself (Hobbes, 1985, p. 1651). Indeed, self control theory claims that a societys norms must be concrete adequacy to be effective and to prevent criminal behavior (Reiss, 1994). Garland views social control theory as a functioning systemwhich is also dependent on other forms and other social dealing (1993, p. 283). Social control thus adds a two-faceted dimension to the concept of criminal behavior. For example, it is a valid segment of knowledge that criminal behavior if detected will attract sanctions. ... l norm which recognize the competency of inner-city communities to control law enforcement (Waldeck, 1999, p.2 Wilson and Kelling, 1982, pp.29-31). Conflict Theory Conflict theory mainly derives from Marxs claim that abhorrence is inevitable in societies which are capitalist. This is because such societies cause some groups to become segregated and less be than others. Members of such groups may thus turn to criminal behavior in order to establish corporeal equality with other groups. Conflict theory is based on the core notion that social contracts do not exist amid citizens and the state, and because societies continually change, this causes social conflicts to arise. Citizens from different social classes, wit h different interests are a part of society, but their interests often do not correspond (Sellin, 1983). On the contrary, the lack of common interests between individuals and classes causes conflict (Vold, 1958). A society is collective in that the actions of its individual members cause it to progress it is essentially special(a) to the actions of its individuals. Depending on which group or class has access to the coercion of the law, inequality may arise and cause those who are less equal to be oppressed. This inequality causes the conflict which in turn causes individuals to commit criminal offense in an attempt to re establish equality. Reiman describes the conflict theory as The Rich Get Richer and the worthless Get Prison (2000) he portrays disgust as the result of a struggle between crime and formal laws which govern when it occurs and how it is to be punished. Rather than being a collective social concept, crime is delimitate by elite groups which prohibit behavior wh ich has the potential to damage their interests. Crimes such as theft and goof are

Public University Analysis (#2) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Public University Analysis (2) - Essay ExampleThe current trend is that the organisations nevertheless have to report their contributions but the proposal will make their financials weaker since they have to show their share of liabilities. The set up of the proposed GASB will be an add in the pension liability for public agencies.The income that the insane asylum receives from its activities is an economic component that affects the organisations future growth and success. The higher the income obtained by an entity from its operations, the higher the growth and success of that institution. (The propagation 100)The swelling rates being experienced in the economy affect the growth of the institution since inflation rates affects the price of commodities. When these rates are high it reduces the spending power of the institution since there is an increase in the prices of commodities.The recession, like the one in 2008, caused a slow rate in growth of an institution since the ec onomy is experiencing a slump. The recession also limits the success that an organization might have due to it reporting reduced sales. (The Times 100)Interest rates increase the borrowing costs of an institution and reduce the currency that an institution might try to get from borrowing due to the high costs of borrowing. (The Times 100) senior high school borrowing costs also limit the growth of an institution since much of the capital is borrowed and therefore no in the control of the shareholders, which is not an ideal situation.Federal Pell grants are recorded under non-operating revenues (expenses) together with sequestered gifts, state hospital fee grants, Build America Bonds federal interest subsidies and net investment income. all(prenominal) these are accumulated to give the net non-operating revenues. Federal Pell grants are also included in the catalogue of Expenditures of Federal Awards as well as the

The Role of the Operating Manager in Information Systems Essay

The economical consumption of the Operating Manager in Information Systems - Essay ExampleHowever, the system transformation process is not easy as an entire department that utilized the system is grounded to a halt, which means dealing with inconveniences of managing the functions manually (Khosrow-Pour, 2001). The main issue is in how to attain effective Information Technology Management within MSCC epoch sufficiently anticipating challenges and their solutions to guarantee business continuity and employees productivity.During the 1900, Midsouth focused on transportation systems and legislative decisions caused many communities to inadequacy access to reliable transportation, halting the economic and business development. However, by 1930s, the charter include additional issues, olibanum transforming into an aggressive commercial advocacy unbendable by 1990s. These changes were accompanied by company growth in terms of human resources and profitability changed by 2000 to refl ect a downfall in the annual figure by $250,000 and a membership of about 2,300. The main contributors included the internet bubble, loss of regional manufactures, and the economic downtime back then. Although, MSCC did not lose its position as a powerful business advocacy firm in 2000, the companys management experient the challenge of inability to fund annual usable business in line with the companys aggressive growth. Lassiter, the Vice President in 2000 experienced a serious dilemma of staff and program retrenchment for an effective sales and marketing team, therefrom translating into less aggressively grown revenue in the firm. As an entropy Technology professional, Lassiter proactively sought for the solutions to the IS challenges that included misaligned marketing and sales support functions, restricted capacity of the current information system, and the arising concerns over security condition that each staff member lacked access to data required for the operation of MS CC activities for sales and marketing.At MSCC, information technology is

Land Law Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Land Law - Assignment pillow slipIn order to acquire Valiant Villa, Ben and Ali agreed to approach Cantander bank to negotiate for a owe worth ? 125,000. Notably, Ben and Ali are freehold owners of the blank space. As such, this form of mortgage is an equitable mortgage since it is created after the legal owners of the blank space negotiated an instrument with Cantander bank that demonstrates a binding intention to create a security in upgrade of the mortgagee as opposed to legal mortgage where the mortgagee remains the legal owner of the piazza. However, Ali who is a model scout and agent was later on entered into a contractual agreement with Cait Miss- a naughty profile model where Ali agreed to fund her travel commitments, provide her with personal assistants and manage her portfolio work. The entire hail for this work was worth ? 110,000. Ali unduly influenced Ben to signed mortgage forms that lead to release of some security in Valiant Villa to cover the costs. I sleep t ogetherly, not all mortgages are utilized to buy space. As in this case, it is unmixed that Ali who also worked as a model scout and agent committed himself to fund Cait. ... held that the mortgagee has unmodified right to repossession in the event that the mortgagor defaults in mortgage repayment.2 Cantander bank has the right to repossesses the villa and either uses it to take income or sell it to recover unpaid mortgage amounts. The mortgagee has the right to decide when to sell the property since one a property is repossessed the bank will not be holding it in fiducial capacity. In China and South Sea Bank Ltd v Tan Soon Gin (1989), the mash held that the mortgagee was not obliged to sell the property at any particular time and was as such entitled to act in its own interest.3 Surprisingly, Ben was not fully aware of the whole deal as he thought the second mortgage was a form of mortgage repackaging. Unluckily, Cait Miss was sweep in a drug scandal which dented her image m aking it difficult to continue working in the model industry. Indeed Alis reputation as her agent was also shattered and could no longer earn revenues to cover mortgage repayments. Cantander bank is now seeking repossession of Valiant Villa which has indeed caught Ben unaware. Ben should actualise that mortgage as a contact is primarily based on contract law in regard to formation, terms and termination. As such, a mortgage differs from an ordinary loan since the mortgagee has equal rights to the property as the mortgagor. A mortgage has a proprietary interest since a mortgagee has rights over the property and can therefore take possession of that property in the event of non compliance to the repayment chronicle agreed. Ben should be aware that Cantander bank has right to repossess Valiant Villa as governed by section 85 of the Law of Property Act (LPA) 1925 and in common law and rights of sale under statute.4 In addition, it is make up that Ben signed

Leadership Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Leadership - Research Paper ExampleIt is revealed by the writer that they be intimated to bring their culture along with them to America, which ensured more intimacy among the members, more interaction, good leadership, sharing, and so m each other virtues. The introduction is meant to teach the readers the very purpose of the book to explore the role of opportunities in making someone successful. The writer points out that the Rosetans were cooking with lard instead of with the much healthy olive oil. (6). Also, on that point is the revelation that they consumed more fat, were more obese, and smoked heavily. Despite tout ensemble these negative aspects, the people lived a healthier life than other people. The reason, according to the writer, is that the culture allowed people to live healthier by offering best living conditions. Thus, the gist is that when one gets the right opportunities, one becomes successful. The first chapter The Matthew Effect is a further geographic exp edition of this issue by analyzing the selection to the Major Junior A Hockey. Admittedly, when one sees a hockey player who is successful, one feels that player is successful because of the players innate talent and skills. ... At the first glance, and fifty-fifty to those who watch closely, it seems that one cannot buy a position in the Major Junior A hockey. In other words, the impression is that only those who are wiling to work and only those who have ability will manage to get into Major Junior A level. While claiming that there is something not quite right with this fantasyion, Gladwell indicates that our concept of successful people in every sphere of life is marred by a flake of erroneous conceptions (10). In fact, I used to possess the view that it is possible for people to grow to any levels through hard work. Admittedly, this view was the result of reading unhomogeneous accounts of celebrities and entrepreneurs achieving great success in their life. They all love cla iming a poor or mediocre beginning, and then reaching the zenith of success through their separate hard work and brilliance. However, rejecting all these claims, the writer points out in Outliers that all these kinds of personal explanations of success tangle witht work (Gladwell 11). Instead, the writer points out that all those successful people made advantage of various factors other than their own personal struggle to be successful. In the words of the writer, they are the beneficiaries of hidden advantages and bonzer opportunities and cultural legacies that allow them to learn and work hard and make sense of the world in shipway others cannot (Gladwell 11). The most attractive part of this chapter, admittedly, is the example of the oak maneuver (11). He points out that the tallest oak tree in the forest becomes the tallest not only because of its own abilities, but also because of various factors. To illustrate, other trees did not block the

Finance - Stocks, Yields and Portfolios Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Finance - Stocks, Yields and Portfolios - Essay ExampleIt major league in reckoner software development. Mattson Technology Inc. is in the field of designing, developing, and manufacturing equipment for the manufacture of semiconductors and other products. It is also a significant shammer in the NASDAQ daily operations, and has a big presence across America. Advanced Management Strategies Group majors in logistics, program management, business consulting, engineering support, product lifecycle management (PLM), PLM IT tools, and IT services management. That therefore implies that the stock analysis carried out comprises one software, one hardware, and one consultancy firm.Discretely increase strike rate measures the rate of changes in the valuate of asset over a stoppage assuming countable compounding heads while continuously compounded rate of return measures the rate of change in the asset value associated with a holding period under the assumption of continuous compoundin g. (Analyst Notes par 1). They are calculated as followsThe arithmetic mean return is a computation of the average returns for a specified period of time. It involves summing up all the returns for the specific period, wherefore dividing the total by the individual number of sub-periods. The geometric mean return calculates the average rate per period on an investment that is compounded over multiple periods (Finance Formulas par1).c) Positively correlated stocks point to a advanced likelihood of similar trend in movement over the determined length of time. The stocks may be having a common factor that makes them tend to behave this way, for example for companies producing closely related goods, or those producing antonymous goods such as cars and petroleum companies. It is advisable that potential clients shun coercively correlated stocks, because if they suffer a slump, it will result in a double loss to the investor.Among the stocks featured in this report, MSFT and MTSN have the highest positive correlation, at 0.41730442. They

Ecological Footprint Calculator Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Ecological stride Calculator - Assignment Examplebeef from a properly pasture cow can both be qualified as meat, but their production, development and preparation solely have serious impacts on ones ecological footprint.The quiz also lacked clarity at certain points. One question had to do with how much trash I generate. This question is easy to dish at first, but after some thought it actually becomes quite difficult. Do items recycled and composted count as trash? The quiz does not answer this question. Nor are there further questions relating composting and recycling. I can unless cite the example of my own family. In our case, my mother would frequently refer to recyclable containers as trash, even though we used the environmentally friendly method to dispose of them. If other Americans use the same nomenclature as was used in my household, this particular question may produce skewed issuings and leave good deal with a very inaccurate perception of their ecological footp rint.Ultimately the quiz does what its supposed to do. The Footprint Network is an organization designed to promote environmentally friendly modus vivendis. It does this by giving you a result that projects your ecological footprint (however inaccurate it may be) and then listing ways you can improve your lifestyle to better the entire planet. However, it would be more useful for the website to give you a more accurate idea of your environmental situation. These are problems that could easily be fixed by introducing a new level of clarity to the questions

Monetary Theory and Policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Monetary Theory and Policy - Essay ExampleCurrently, on that point is evidence that changes in the unemployment levels may be either good intelligence activity or bad news in the groyne Street depending on the circumstances of these changes and the market trends. Importantly, it is worthy to understand the market factors that impacts on employment levels. Besides, whether the market is at expansion or contraction stage is crucial while determine the response of the stock market. On this note, the decrease of the unemployment grade within a country can be good or bad news depending on the market trends.Traditional economic theories have derived a relationship between economic development and the unemployment levels within a country. The argument is that high unemployment levels within a country indicates a slow economic growth and may depict a weak economy. On the other hand, low unemployment pass judgment indicate economic developing and a stronger economy. The implication is th at low unemployment rates is good news for the economy and the society must anticipate development in rising. However, a result of instances have shown a complete different image of the stock market. As observed, an announcement of low unemployment rates in the US comes before the announcement of a drop in the stock prices in the Wall Street. For instance, in 2015, the US labor department has recorded an increase of 800, 000 jobs in February, which was followed by a 3%, fall in the Dow Jones Industrial average (Cogley 1-2). This situation has raised a controversy as more(prenominal) analysts point this to an anomalous change in the stock price market. This has led to the idea that the decrease in the unemployment rate is a bad omen that indicates a higher level of inflation in future of the economy. This is against the traditional theories that perceived employment as a positive economic factor that can snub market growth.More contemporary theories of economy have shown that the re are times when good

An Economic View of Egypt Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

An Economic View of Egypt - Research wallpaper ExampleThe landed estate has a lot of military and presidential termal influence over a bite of countries in Africa and Middle East. This paper makes an investigation into the country from the economic and political points of view. The various economic indicators watch been thoroughly analyzed. Along with that the present issues that is of the biggest concern for the country has also been enume aimd. Finally a recommendation has been reard which provides an acumen into the prospects and the possible way forward for the country. Research Objective The country of Egypt has gone through various turbulences in the recent times. This has some effect on the economic and political condition of the country and has brought the country downstairs various challenges. The objective of this paper is to find out the various nuances of the economic and the political aspects of the country. The study would provide an insight into impact of the h appening in the country as well as find a feasible solution to the host of problems. Literate Review The economic and political aspects of the present day Egypt has been captured in the writings of a number of researchers. The existing political scenario of a particular country has a transmit impact on the economy. The well being of a country is largely dependent on the benevolent of governance that is existent in the country. The major indicator of the development of any economy is the crop rate of the GDP. From the figure below it can be concluded the Egypt experienced a growth rate which feel fluctuated over a period of time. The country has set about phases of positive trend in the rate of growth of the economy during the period from 1992 to 1998 and again from 2003 to 2008 as see in the diagram below. However the economy faced a major downturn with the growth rate bottoming out during 2011. The chief reason behind this is the political turbulence that had been taking place in the country due to the removal of Hosni Mubarak from the political control of the government of Egypt. The country recovered from the drastic situation with an extremely slow pace which resulted due to the various affectionate and economic challenges that the newly formed government faced. The national issues had greater significance at that point of time. However, the legitimate GDP showed a positive trend in the growth rate by 2.0 % in the course of instruction 2012. The consumption expenditure of the government also increased during this phase which justified the path of recovery of the country. The country has always reported a very high rate of inflation which remained above 10% with the consumer damage index always having a double digit figure. After the period of political turbulence, in 2012 as the economy recovered the inflation rate was also brought under control and was reported to be 8.7%. However, the up-to-dateness of Egypt faced a huge amount of depreciation because of the high rate of depletion in the remote reserves of the country. This resulted in the weakening of the currency and exchange rate for the country became very vulnerable. The diagram that follows explains the position of foreign exchange of the country. During the year 2012, the foreign exchange reserve of Egypt slowly went down. This resulted in a low take aim of reserve as low as 13424.1 million US dollars in 2013.

Inovation In Tourism In Response To Global Concerns Essay

Inovation In Tourism In Response To Global Concerns - Essay object lessonNatural resources such as water atomic number 18 being strained by the need to mapping the resources to generate energy for use in the tourism areas. Forests are being torn down to surface the way for the construction of hotels and resorts to be used by tourists, hence devastating entire landscapes.Political unstableness in a country or adverse natural disasters such as floods, famine and tsunami are also seen to adversely affect the global tourism perseverance (Conrady, Buck, Viehl, & Tittel, 2011, p. 157).The effects of political instability were clearly seen in Russia in 1991 when the countrys tourism declined by approximately 10 times as a result of the cessation of subsidies given to the industry by the union (Renard et al., 1997, p. 138).In some countries, the industry is experiencing a huge hap as a result of the repercussions of the global economic slowdown that impact the entire world. Some maj or markets such as Greece and Spain are still suffering from the 2009 global slowdown. The backlash was more pronounced in countries that rely on master(prenominal)ly Europe and America as their briny traditional markets as these were the hardest hit by the recession (African Development Bank, 2009, p. 437).The recent terrorism activities have caused heightened trade protection and safety concerns in the tourism industry. A reduction in tourism spending within a country due to security concerns generally leads to weakened local economies which might have the effect of placing the affected government under a lot of stress. This can have the effect of causing the country to ascertain general destabilization throughout all its sectors and, hence, help in the attainment of terrorisms main agenda of destabilization (Henderson, 2012).The addd fuel costs have caused the cost of travel to greatly increase to levels where most ordinary people are

Literature paper #2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Literature paper 2 - Essay ExampleA levelheaded reading of the text would reveal Gregors metamorphosis as a metaphor of the modern society where concourse have become quite alienated, burdened with familial responsibilities and obligations, neurotic, and lack understanding, love, or communion. Twentieth-century modernist images of metamorphosis, on the other hand, transcend us to question not only the boundaries of humankinds relationship with nature and the supernatural, but the actually status of humanity itself, transformed into the monstrous. Gregors metamorphosis is governed by uncontrollable factors that cause both physical and psychic changes in his personality. No doubt, Gregors tragedy stems from his strong sense of familial obligation and responsibilities his subsequent guilt repayable to his inability to fulfill his responsibilities turns him into a bug and this metamorphosis brings about drastic changes in the gender roles and blood relative relations.Gregors meta morphosis underlines that mans existence is absurd and meaningless and that human nature is basically monstrous. His transformation is more inward than physical it is Kafkas inner conviction that human nature is inescapably monstrous and meaningless that makes him to depict Grgors character as animalistic, and the only possible escape for Gregor is to yield to the ultimate reality-death.In Metamorphosis, one experiences mans inner struggle and longing to survive in a world where one cannot find any sort of solace. Everyone seeks his/her existence and is likely to get disillusion and desperate when things go beyond ones comprehension and control. Even though the metamorphosis of Gregor sounds to be supernatural and beyond human comprehension, the touching story of Gregors misfortunes points to the meaninglessness of human life man is incapable of fighting the supernatural elements and the essential monstrous human nature that unleashes itself in such irritated

Sophie Neveu Finds the Truth Essay Example for Free

Sophie Neveu Finds the true statement EssayIn the Da Vinci Code by Dan Brown, Sophie embarks on a journey to not further to find the Holy Grail but also the truth or so her family. Sophies character changed a push-down store throughout the story, she became a lot more than aw be about what is goes on in the military man and how ones medieval and history can have a big impact in life. She had to learn and grow as a person because of how much pressure she was on while pass judgment out the answers to all of the secret messages her grandfather left her. She also had to face a lot of difficulties imputable to the item that she had so galore(postnominal) people standing in the way and trying to hurt her and better the secret. Sophie Neveu is the granddaughter of the Grand Master of the Priory of Sion, Jacques Sauniere, the only real background we have of her is that her grandfather raised her from a rattling early age, after her parents were killed in a car fortuity (8 2). We find out that Sauniere trained her to crystallize complicated word puzzles as a young girl and that it was these puzzles and riddles that sparked her interest in solving them (218).The fact that she was exposed to puzzles and riddles when she was a child is likely the reason why she ended up working in a field that revolved around that topic. One of the things that give us some insight into Sophies personality is when we are told about a day when she minutely discovered a strange mainstay in her grandfathers room inscribed with the initials P.S. (118). This isnt until much deeper into the book but it really defines who Sophie Neveu is because it arrangements how she struggled to find the truth about her familys history from a very young age and that Sauniere was keeping secrets from her. This caused her to get eventide more curious about her agone and is one of the main reasons why she forces so dedicated to purpose the Grail. Something that is really interesting abou t Sophie is the fact that her names meaning is that of the ancient goddess of wisdom, the icon of the predict feminine, Sophia which means wisdom, this is very interesting because she does display wisdom at many points throughout the novel and out-shinning Robert nearly of the time.Throughout the book Sophie learns the reasons behind her grandfathers strange behavior and why he kept so many things hidden from her. At the beginning of the story we are told that she had stopped all forms of communication from her grandfather because of an alienate ritual she saw him be a part of and we are told that she had not spoken or seen him until the dark of his murder (76-77). This shows that at a very young age Sophie had to deal with a very traumatic experience that shaped her personality and made her become a hard woman and caused her to not show much emotion. Sophie is a cryptologist working for the Parisian police and therefore a very sound woman. She shows shes intelligent because s he realizes that the message P.S Find Robert Langdon is meant for her She delivers a message to Robert Langdon letting him complete that Officer Fache finds him as the prime suspect of Saunieres death. She reveals to Langdon that she is Saunieres granddaughter and tells Langdon that she was sure of it because her grandfather used to call her Princess Sophie as a child. (76-77).Sophies talk to Langdon in the bathroom of the Louvre sets up the plot for the entire novel as well as give us some very important background data about Sophie, not only do we become aware of how intelligent she is but we also realize that she is endure enough to go against Fache and the Parisian police if it means finding out the truth about her past and family. Sophie doesnt tell anybody else about the message her grandfather left her because she realizes that if her grandfather didnt want anyone else to know what had happened. Being the only one that knows that Sauniere was hiding something important cau ses Sophie to act impulsively and helps Langdon escape from the police. It isnt until further into the book that we are told that her grandfather raised her from a after her parents were killed in a car accident and that he then proceeded to train her to solve complicated word puzzles and even made a cryptex for her (216).We are given brief flashbacks of her life, which prove that she was curious and hungry for knowledge from an early age. An example of this is that we are told that she accidentally discovered a strange key in her grandfathers room inscribed with the initials P.S. and that she tried looking for breeding about her family but anytime she tried Sauniere would get mad and tell her to forget about them. (118). This has a lot to do with her personality as an adult and being part of the Parisian police as a cryptographer, the fact that she spends her days at work figuring out puzzles and hidden messages shows that living with Sauniere made her become good at unscrambling and finding out the truth, the way she was brought up by Sauniere shaped her personality to be that of a person who doesnt fully trust people and that is worthy of knowing important information such as the location of the Holy Grail.Sophie finds out at the end of the book that she is a descendent of the Merovingians, a living descendant of Jesus Christ and Mary Magdalene and that she is literally, what her grandfather nicknamed her when she was a child Princess Sophie. She also finds out that Sauniere wasnt really her grandfather but that since he was the Grand Master of the Priory of Sion she would be safer with him. He chose to protect her and prepare her for what he knew was coming.The rest of the Priory then welcomes Sophie and tell her that they will protect her. At the beginning Sophie is brave and intelligent, she exhibits confidence and knowledge about her job and surroundings, but thought-out the novel and as she starts to unravel more of the secret and the Holy Grail she s eems to leave that confidence behind and start questioning he past and who Sauniere really was. She starts showing more emotion throughout the novel and the closer we get to the end. Sophie is a strong woman who got a bit confused because of the uncertainty of her past and not knowing that she could trust.Works CitedBrown, Dan. The De Vinci Code, NY Anchor, 2003. Print.

Memories of childhood in Looking For Dad Essay Example for Free

Memories of childhood in Looking For Dad undertakeMemories from our childhoods atomic number 18 often remembered for the rest of our lives. They hobo range from sm both things like playing in the commonality or a birthday party to important milestvirtuosos such as a first flatter or the first day of school. Now matter how small or insignificant these events seemed at the time, they impart be treasured for ever and looked back on as some of the best times of your life. The memories are normally reminders of hefty times and the joys of childhood. But for some state, their childhoods are looked back on in sorrowfulness and remorse.In the numberss Looking For Dad, My Grandmother and The disconsolate equality, the cashiers explore the darker sides of childhood. separately verse tells a different story, and if are all or so tragic memories from shattered childhoods that provide scar perpetually.Looking For Dad is about a boy whos father leaves home. I think the a uthor chose the title beca routine not only does it rationalise the main theme of the poem, but the phrase looking for maybe refers to the soul searching the boy has to do while looking for what is missing in his life. When reading the poem, you calling card that it is written in quite an eudaemonia t 1 even though it is demonstrablely a sad poem. I think the bank clerk has make this because the poem is from a childs perspective. The main themes of this poem are dis-functionality and grief. Lines such as I had not tidied up my room, because I was too full of gloom and swear he will come back in brief clearly show the despair that is indue across by the narrator. some other theme of the poem is self-denial. The narrator doesnt want to face up to the concomitant that his dad has gone.Dad was hidden beneath the things Id been assumption and immediate about my underwear but could not find him anywhere are two paraphrases that show that the caliber still believes his dad is still apart of his life even thought it is obvious he is not. The fact that he dreamt about his dad not being with him anymore shows that sub-consciously he knows his dad has gone forever and isnt going to return. The character believes that his dad simply vanished because he didnt tidy his room. At the end of the poem it says hope he will come back soon and admire my very tidy room. This shows the self-blame the character has put upon his conscience and how he now sadnesss taking his father for granted.The grammatical construction of the poem is strange. It has a greenhouse rhyme feel to it and this feel good rhythm doesnt really fit in with the other impertinent sombre mood of the poem. This could however represent the fact that the poem is seen through a childs eyes and he maybe does not fully understand what is going on around him. The quick feel to the poem is mainly d proclaim to the fact that it has a loose rhyming scheme and short lines.The Sick Equation is overly writ ten by Brian Patten. It is about a broken home and tells us how the narrator has been scar for life due to his home situation. The title of the poem can be looked at in galore(postnominal) different ways. I feel the author chose this title because people often think an equation will be confusing and complex. This is exactly what the narrators life is like. He may excessively have chosen to use the word equation because it can represent that when all these different factors are added together there can only be one outcome. Unlike Looking For Dad, the rhythm of this poem is slow and the lines are a lot longer with no real flow. One of the themes represented in this poem is isolation. With his parents fighting all the time, the narrator was convinced that it is better to amaze one. The narrator decided to grow up alone and if anyone well-tried to get exclude to him he would make sure they quickly disappeared. The phrase I came to believe how it was best, that one remained one not only backs up my point, but also shows that he is maybe scared of cognise.Another theme which is shows quite a lot in this poem is regret. As the poem goes along, you can easily notice how the narrator changes his attitude towards love. In the first paragraph, lines such as For by becoming two, one at least would suffer so shows that he is strongly over against being loved or agreeable anyone at all. In the final stanza the line I am better off for knowing now, that given love, by taking love all can in time refute proves that the narrators mood towards love has changed dramatically as he has now learnt that not all love is painful. The second stanza really shows regret and anger. Believing this I threw away so many gifts- I never let love stay long enough to take roots but by thinking myself of too little worth, I crushed all its messengers. It shows that the narrator feels he has missed out on so much and is angry that he didnt learn his lesson sooner. I was wrong of course, just asthose who brought me up were wrong is another quote that shows anger and resentment towards his childhood, in particularly the way his parents brought him up. I grew or did not grow is a phrase that shows that the narrator feels that while he was un-loved, he could not grow as a person.It could also mean he thinks he has missed out on his childhood and started off with the harsh feelings only and adult could understand and no child should have to feel. And as you cannot grow past being an adult, in that sense he has not grown. The narrator also tells of how even a new couple cannot possibly, in his mind, escape the shadow of divorce. When conveying this view, he makes reference to an albatross. This could also have different meanings. The most obvious meaning that springs to mind is because the albatross has the biggest wing span, it would create a huge shadow over any marriage. But a more in depth analysis could link the albatross back to the poem Rhyme of the ancient mari ner.The tone of the poem is a lot more depressing than the first poem. The structure is also cleverly devised by the author. The first stanza has a disorganised and erratic rhyme scheme which represents the surprise and disorder in the narrators life. But as the poem progresses, a more organised rhyme radiation diagram starts to appear and the emergence of rhyming couplets maybe shows the narrators life is calming down and becoming more organised. The narrator also uses irony when he says home, sweet home.The final poem I studied was My Grandmother. This poem is about the narrators grandmother. The title was chosen mainly because it explains what the poem is about. The word my may seem small and unimportant, but when people are proud of something they often emphasise and make it known they are linked with the person or object by using this technique. For example, when people use the phrase Thats my boy it is a way of saying, hes with me and I want everyone to know. The title could therefore mean the narrator is proud of his Grandmother and wants everyone to know this. Once again the main theme of this poem is regret.I remember how I once refused, to go out with her, since I was afraid and Though she never said, that she was hurt, I could still feel the guilt are phrases that back up this point. Another theme of the poem is isolation and loneliness. She kept an antique shop or it kept her and She watched her own reflection is the brass are quotes that show the Grandmother was lonely and obviously didnt have any close friends or family. I think the use of an antique shop is meant to represent old age.When reading the poem, you notice it is quite fast and up beat. This is because of the rhyme scheme A, B, A, B, C, C, which is used in each stanza. The poem also uses iambic pentameter. This gives it a quick tempo and makes it free flowing. The speed of the poem is again in line of work with the themes of the poem. This is maybe due to the fact that the narrator admits when she died, I felt no grief at all. This delegacy that the narrator has nothing to be sad about and therefore keeps the poem quite up beat. Each stanza tells a different part of the story and the first and third stanzas are explaining events, where as the second and twenty-five percent and primarily about the feelings of the narrator.Each of these poems outlines different experiences of childhood. Looking For Dad talks about divorce and separation, The Sick Equation discusses the affects of domestic arguments and My Grandmother is about the death of a loved one.But the themes that are perpetually mentioned in all the poems are regret and isolation. This shows that maybe bad memories are more memorable than the good ones and the scars left by these experiences will always remain fresh in the minds of the characters

ACT Writing Prompt Essay Example for Free

ACT Writing officious EssayWhen you were in condition have you ever came back from spend and forgot what you have learned? closely kids when they come back from summer vacation they forgot most of the material they had just learned. Or during school students speak up I want more than(prenominal) time off. No one gets excited nigh school but if kids were used to getting no summer break then they wouldnt have the shoot to want more time off. The traditional three-summer vacation should not be maintained because over summer students hinder what they learned, the holiday breaks will be longer, and the students will be able to learn more. See more The Issues Concerning Identity Theft EssayThe three-calendar month summer vacation should not be maintained. Other opponents may betoken that students need the summer break to get away from all of the stress of school and that students need more breaks. However, if the three-month vacation was not maintained there would be less stressful situations because there would be more time to do work. Also students would get longer holiday breaks and more half days. Doesnt it feign more sense to have multiple vacation time then one chunk of it? The three-month summer vacation clearly should not be maintained.For instance, during summer vacation students are not thinking about school, the students are thinking about having fun. For cause when the students come back to school they do not immortalise most of the material they have learned. There are many kids out there that hate approach path back to school, so they never want to learn or they do not care. But for every new school year in the startle few weeks teachers have to review what material was antecedently taught so the students well guess. That is a waste of time. If there was no summer vacation then the first two or three weeks wouldnt be wasted on review.In addition, with no three- month vacation the students would be able to soak in a lot more knowl edge and real remember it for college. The students would be able to be better prepared for the feature, since they would be taught with multiple vacation time. For example in college students need to be prepared because college students do not get as much vacation time as high school students do. Also if the students in high school pay heed then college will be easier for them to understand because the professors do not help as much as public school teachers do. In the future the students will not get as much vacation time in their work career.When students come back from summer vacation the kids do not remember what they have learned. That is why school should be year round with no three-month summer vacation because the students forget the material, the holiday breaks would be longer, and the students would be able to learn more. There would be no more complain about breaks and no more homework every day.

Prior Knowledge Deficit Essay Example for Free

Prior Knowledge Deficit EssayPrior friendship comes from visual experiences, seeing those mental pictures of a subject. Prior cognition comes before understanding what readers read, or understanding the subject. A deficit in prior knowledge inhibits student suss outing by taking away their educational experiences and replacing them with like sieveing.To begin with, prior knowledge plays an important role in enabling students to learn to read, and to read to learn. First, learning to read starts in kindergarten and continues through with(predicate) third grade, where teachers use books called primers. Primers teach students how to read because they certify stories around subjects that students already have visual experience with, such as family, friends, food, pets, or games. Since students know the fundamental culture about such subjects, when they are being taught how to read, they understand the primers. Finally, when students enter fourth grade, they begin renderin g textbooks to learn about science and social studies. These students developed prior knowledge of science and social studies from kindergarten through third grade, when they attended field trips to zoos and museums, watched educational films, and completed science projects. If they learned this basic information about the natural world of science, and about the human world of social studies, students are able to understand their textbooks. As a result, they can add new knowledge to further their education.Additionally, many students struggle with the prior knowledge deficit because of standardized testing. First of all, standardized testing takes time away from educational experience by using all the time and money on the tests. Teachers use the time on article of belief students how to survive test takers, instead of educating them in different experiences of the world. In the past, schools would take students on field trips to teach them loosely about science, and social studi es. However, such field trips cost a lot of money money that is presently being used on standardized tests. On one hand, traditional education consisted of students reading and paper to understand and explain the knowledge of the world. On the other hand, now days students are test takers, and they use their reading and writing skills for the test, just like knowledge is used to memorize all the information without understanding it. Teachers need to focus on this method because they are evaluated by the students test scores.To summarize, prior knowledge deficit hinders students learning by taking away their educational experiences and focusing their time on standardized testing. A solution to the prior knowledge deficit is for teachers to dedicate more time on precept students about subjects that will be used later on in further education, rather than teaching students how to become test takers.

Liquids and Solids Essay Example for Free

Liquids and Solids EssayThe purpose of this sample is to examine the properties of several shoot a lineses, which were the products of a reaction, and examine the way the boastses react under certain conditions. These conditions, such as introducing a flame to the gas as well as oxygen and CO2, caused other reactions to occur. Experiment in the first place I began the experiment I ga on that pointd all my supplies from the given list in the lab manual. From there I began the actual experiment and diluted the HCL placed in a scrutiny tube and hence placed the ZN in the tube as well. I placed the quid and gas talking to plastic system on the running game tube and arranged the tube in the well plate.I then took the test tube filled with water inverted it and placed on hand of the gas delivery system, I had the well plate in a large bowl in fictional character of flow all over. I then removed and placed my thumb over the opening so gas wouldnt escape I lit a match and he ld it approx. 1 cm away and allowed a small drop from the pipet onto the flame to observe the reaction. From here I took my pipet bulb and mark it in 3 equal parts with a marker. I filled the pipet with water and impersonate it into the gas generation tube. When it was about 2/3 full of gas I removed it and narrow it facing down into the well holder as per the directions.I then cleaned up the other test tube disposed of the acid and washed the test tube and rubber stopper with water thoroughly. I then began the oxygen portion of the experiment where I placed some Mn into a test tube. I added some hydrogen peroxide and filled to nearly the top. I placed the rubber stopper with gas delivery system and put into the well plate in a straight position. I filled the pipet with water and once again inverted it and placed in on top of the gas delivery system. I then watched as it became displaced with oxygen and removed it placed my thumb over it so it wouldnt escape.

Theories in Media and Society Essay Example for Free

Theories in Media and lodge EssayAccording to home(a) academy of sciences (1999) a speculation is a well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world, based on a body of facts that have been repeatedly confirmed through observation and experimentation. In this light angiotensin converting enzyme gets to discuss the Structural functionalist theory and the Conflict Theory which atomic number 18 both theoretical perspectives found in the Media and Society. (a)(i) First and foremost, the Structural functionalist theory is amongst the theories found on the aspect of presidency of ordination. This theory washbowl in addition be referred to as Structural Functionalism, and it has the following assumptions.To begin with, the Structural Functionalist theory postulates or suggests that indian lodge is a complex system whose different parts (structures) work together to produce stability and solidarity.These structures be a part of cabaret because of their fu nctionality in ensuring stability and solidarity. In other words, without their functionality in ensuring these two aspects menti unrivaledd prior, these structures would not be part of society.To add on, Durkheim and Comte suggest that these parts of the society work together like the parts of a body for the benefit of society. In other words, one backside say that these parts ar inter-dependent, that is, they swear on each other to amply serve their purpose.It is important for one to also note that this theory has two functionalities, and these are Manifest Functions and Latent Functions. In this aspect, Manifest functions in this case are those heading consequences contributing to the adjustment or adaptation of the system which are intended and recognized by participants in the system. Examples include education, moral guidance, law and battle array maintenance. On the other hand, Latent functions are those functions that are uncomplete intended nor recognized. In other w ords, they are somewhat less important as compared to Manifest Functions.Furthermore, organization of society theoretical perspectives also include the Conflict Theory. It has the following assumptionsThe Conflict Theory suggests that society is make up of groups that are competing for scarce re stingingces. In other words, this theory states that society is divided or disintegrated into various groups that scramble, if not fight for, these re sharpces in order to survive be it socially, economically or politically.To add on, the employment theory also suggests that causation and inequality are the main characteristics of society and social groups are baffling in power struggle (Karl Max). One can simply say that this actor that the system called Society is patterned with power dynamics, and in those power dynamics are power struggles.Furthermore, this theory also states that this power struggle mentioned above, is a struggle for dominance amongst classes, genders, races, religi ons to mention but just a few. This simply means that in the entirety of society, there is the aspect of survival of the fittest in which the dominant ones survive and rule e realplace the defeated or over the weak.Inaddition, the bout theory also assumes that there is social subordination of subordinate groups through the power coercion of dominant groups. Furthermore, this theory also assumes that the dominant groups create rules for winner and opportunity in society and they monopolize control, power, privilege and authority.In addition to the above mentioned, the participation theory also assumes that the primary cause of social problems is the exploitation and trounceion of subordinate groups by the dominant. A usual example is the conflict within the Ndebele State. It has 3 states, namely the Enhla, Ezansi and the Hole. The original Ndebele people were found in the amphetamine class and they exploited some classes like the Hole for example and this led to a lot of confli ct within the Ndebele society. Hence, it is typical for exploitation and oppression of subordinates to be the primary cause of social problems.One can say that these theories are valid in explaining the existence of, and the relationships between individuals and groups in society to a bigger extent. To begin with, the assumptions of the morphological functionalist theory are valid to a larger extent. The assumption that society is a complex system whose various parts (structures) work together to produce stability and solidarity is valid because it shows us that society has relationships, and that in their relationships, they have a goal which is to produce solidarity and stability. For example, the Zimbabwean society, the government in particular, eer stresses on the need for the Zimbabwean society to be stable in terms its economy, and that it should maintain and stir solidarity. These two aspects are usually mentioned by the President of Zimbabwe R. G. Mugabe.To add on, one ca n say that the assumptions of the structural functionalistic theory are valid in explaining the existence of, and the relationships between individuals and groups in society. For example the one that states that society is make up of parts which work together like the parts of the body is a very practical assumption about societys relationships. One can argue that in society there are groups of people, for example workers, students, civil servants, aristocrats and so forth. One can give anillustration by referring to the Great Zimbabwe State that once existed in Zimbabwe. Miners could not survive alone because they depended on blacksmiths to make them tools for withdraw and excavating. Thus this simply shows that indeed societys groups which are seen as parts in this theory, are inter-dependent on each other hence this theory is valid if not actually practical.Furthermore, these two theories are valid because they show us the existence of conflict within the society. The conflict t heory states that society is made up of groups that compete for resources and this is very true and practical. A situation like this happened in Zimbabwe during the colonial epoch whereby whites were exploiting the resources available in Zimbabwe which eventually led to the Chimurenga war. The relationship between these two races was very hostile and sour because of the competition for these scarce resources. This war took place because there was intense competition for resources in the country and as such, this war was to settle the fight. Thus in essence, these theories are quite valid in explaining the existence of relationships in society.Society is made of classes that compete for scarce resources and this is best illustrated in the conflict theory. It states that in society, dominant classes oppress and exploit the lower classes which eventually leads to conflict. An example is the Apartheid Era in South Africa. The Boers were oppressing and exploiting the blacks and their re sources. The blacks advocated for equality, through their icon Nelson Mandela. This sour between the blacks and the whites led to a serious conflict which was catalyzed by the competition for resources. Hence one can argue that these theories explain the existence of, and the relationships between individuals and groups in society to a larger extent.In addition, these theories are valid in explaining the relationships that exist in society to a larger extent. They enable one to fully understand the fact that conflict is part and parcel of society and that it is sometimes needed in order for development to occur. To add on, these theories also enhance ones understanding of how society is divided and structured. Itshows that society has groups and individuals who live together in relationships, and that in these relationships, they serve to achieve certain goals and objectives like solidarity for example.In a nutshell, the conflict and the social functionalist theory are theories that are very much socialistic and they help one to get the concept of how society is organized, how the members of society relate to each other in achieving their goals and also that conflict exists in society. These theories are somewhat a blue print of how society is organized and how its members are inter-dependent on each other to survive.

The Musical Culture of the Country of Burundi Essay Example for Free

The Musical Culture of the Country of Burundianan EssayEvery soil has its give farming and traditions which has been beneficial by the pot for many decades or centuries. Most of the cultural practices of a nation are usually passed down to the next generation. Although they are altered to add the current generation, some part of the culture remain intact and do not change they are the same practices done in the past. The same is true with the cultural practices of Burundi. Amidst the divers(a) wars and conflict taking place in the country of Burundi, its culture is still upheld by those living in the rural areas. Their traditions are still largely celebrated and practiced by the people. Through the years, the world has seen Burundi as a place filled with violence and conflict. in that location are times when the news coming from Burundi only involves violence and improper actions of the rebels against the government and debility versa. In asset, mass killings are kno wn to have affected many regions of the country, therefore lessening the chances for unpaid activities, education, and other cultural practices to be upheld.Various refuge camps and displaced people have also been distressed by such conflicts. External Influences to the Burundi Culture Historical accounts of Burundi reveal that the country was colonized by various European nations. King Mwezi IV, the ruling leader during the 19th century, feared that his kingdom will be captured by one of the conflicting tribes in Burundi, the Tutsis. delinquent the Kings fear, he secured the support of Germany to protect his kingdom, direct turning Burundi into a German colony.After a few years, the German colonizers passed the responsibility to a new European state Belgium (Institute for Security Studies ISS, 2005). Hence, these countries were able to influence and engrave their own norms, traditions, and beliefs on Burundians which were combine into the cultural practices of Burundi. Music as a Large Part of the Burundian Culture Burundians are people who enjoy arts and music. Music has been a huge part of their lives which could be observed in various types of handed-down gatherings and the outcrys strain in these gatherings.One of these is family gatherings where imvyino songs are performed. Imviyino songs were known to have short refrain which has a strong beat. Such songs oftentimes incorporate spontaneous verses which are sung together with the strong beats of the music. On the other hand, imdirimbo song is a more downcast and serious type of music which is sung by a small radical of individuals or a solo singer. Kwishongora is another type of song from the traditional music of Burundi that is sung only by men. It is a rhythmic song which is integrated with trills and shouts.For the females, there is also a certain type of song made for them, and it is called the bilito in which is a bathetic form of music (Stanford, 2007), One of the strongest characteristi cs of Burundi music is the whispered singing. This is expressed by the performer in a low or soft pitch, for it requires the musical accompaniment to be heard clearly (Stanford, 2007). Burundian Musical Instruments Most of the traditional songs of Burundi are played with specific cocks such as inanga, idono, ikihusehama, and ikimbe. The inanga is an shaft composed of six (6) to eight (8) strings which are stretched out in a wooden cupulate bowl. The idono is known to be the fiddle which is composed only of a single string. The ikihusehama is a musical instrument which is similar to a clarinet woodwind. Lastly, the ikimbe is the linguaphone version of the Burundians. However, the most most-valuable musical instrument used by the Burundians is the drums which is considered as a symbol of status and power (Stanford, 2007). Drums are known to be the most significant instruments in the country of Burundi.In the ancient times, drums were not only seen as a plain instrument yet a sac red object which was only used for ceremonial events. The beat is one of the most inseparable elements of the Burundian drums. Certain drum beats are applied depending on the type of event organism held, from funerals to enthronement. The beat of the drums is also the main signal that proclaims the start of the agricultural season as well as the propagation of the Soughum seeds which is an important agricultural amenity for the country (Heavenly Planet, 2008).The drums are not only significant to the events, only if they are also deeply connected to nature. This strong relationship of drums and nature is evident in move of the drum, as their names are related to fertility Icahi the skin (the skin in which the mother rocks her baby) Amabere the pegs (the breasts) Urugori the thong stretching the skin (crown of motherhood) inda the cylinder (the stomach) umukondo the foot of the drum (the umbilical cord) (Heavenly Planet, 2008, n. p. ) Royal Drummers of BurundiThe Royal Drummers o f Burundi is the most acknowledged performers in Burundi. The group is composed of twenty (20) individuals who perform in the most important Burundian ceremonies. Accordingly, due to the significance of the group, they also perform in various celebrations such as funerals, births, coronations, and christenings at heart the country. This prestigious drum group is known to also perform in various parts of the world. In addition, the Royal Drummers of Burundi is recognized as one of the most acclaimed percussion groups in the world (Smith, 2009).The group is known to be a multigenerational band therefore, sons are taught by their fathers the art and the significance of performance and compete drums. Most of the time, different drummers switch places in order for them to have a short rest and render a constant flow of music that only stops during the end of the whole program. In addition to drumming, most of the band members are also dancers. The group performs the dances during the opening of the programs (Smith, 2009). Africatravelling.net (2000) commends the performances of the Royal Drummers of Burundi The Drummers of Burundi had the most captivating presence of all the acts at the festival Every moment, every wail from the players fit into the trance impact of the drummers (n. p. ). The Royal Drummers of Burundi are known to have specific drums that they use to grow a specific sound of the drums. One of the types of drums that they use is the Ngoma drums which are hollowed out from the trunk of a specific tree called Dumuvugangoma (Corda Africana) (Heavenly Planet, 2008, n.p. ). Reflection on the Music of Burundi As I have researched in various internet resources, I found out that the Burundi musical culture is not widely known to the world. There are only few resources available for those who are interested in their traditional music. Most books and articles are about the topics of human rights violations, genocides, and war in Burundi. Thus, this sugg ests the repleteness of the Burundian culture is often ignored. With the research that I have done, I realized that a single instrument could be a source of power and status.In addition, such instruments could also be a signifier of various events and elements of nature. Due to the conflicts and hostility in the state of Burundi, the international community does not pay significant attention to the rich cultural aspect of this country. However, with the ensemble of Royal Drummers of Burundi, one can say that the rich culture of this African nation lives despite all atrocities. References Africatravelling. net (2000). Bujumbura-Culture. Retrieved February 11, 2009 from http//www. africatravelling. net/burundi/bujumbura/bujumbura_culture. htm. Heavenly Planet. (2008).Music That Inspires. Retrieved February 11, 2009 from http//www. heavenlyplanet. com/have/dob. html. Institute for Security Studies. (2005). Political System and History. Retrieved February 11 2009 from http//www. iss. co. za/af/profiles/burundi/politics. html. Smith, S. E. (2009). Who are the Royal Drummers of Burundi?. fresh Geek. Retrieved February 11, 2009 from http//www. wisegeek. com/who-are-the-royal-drummers-of-burundi. htm. Stanford, E. (2007). Culture of Burundi. Countries and Their Cultures. Retrieved February 11, 2009 from http//www. everyculture. com/Bo-Co/Burundi. html.

System Software, Development and Application Essay Example for Free

System Softw be, Development and Application EssayIn the aspect of information processing system engine room, several elements and factors must be critically considered because of their impact and relevance on the reason capacity, efficiency and effectuality in performing the tasks relevant to the public user. The prefatorys among these important computing machine specifications are the processing capacity, repositing retentivity and computing speed in terms of handling the relevant tasks, softwares, and programs needed by its users.determine these factors requires software and hardware knowledge to determine their most intricate and critical specification as these factors are relevant to the processing efficiency of the calculating machine building block. In analyzing the accomplishment value of a specific estimator, its ability to process important softwares such as for encoding purposes, internet surfing, image and file viewer and other must be considered. In a ddition to these, the personal preferences and usage intention of the user must overly be considered in determining which specific specification or manufacturers brand is good for such need.Considering the present brands of computer units, there are actually several financial options to choose from in the acquisition of a computer unit that is suitable for the users needs. In this paper, actual computer units and brands will be consider and analyze to determine their strongness under the disparity of the most and least expensive in the market. In the category of the most expensive, the latest brand of Alienware computer brands namely the first light ALX reign top in the list.The specifications of this brand loudly state the reason for this nature as the unit incorporates in its system the latest and highly advanced technology in the present information technology world. On the abstract of its hard disk capacity ( retentiveness) as the comparison medium, this unit to hold 128GB storage capacity, which can be further upgraded because of its 4 drives capacity slot. This extends the memory storage capability of this unit to 512GB of storage space.On the other hand, the least expensive brand comes from the most economical manufacturing brand namely the dell Optiplex GX270, which is less than the quarter of the price of its price range counterpart. This unit offers what is considered storage capacity of 40 GB storage space. Indeed, based on the comparison of these two actual computer brands, price of the unit is commensurate to the capacity it has including the storage space it offers for their users. Storage space is indeed important in the computer unit, their efficiency, execution vale, and effectiveness in terms of their capable tasks and responsibility.However, considering the basic needs of the encoding, internet surfing, file and picture viewing, giving storage space is not much of a necessity for these particular tasks. On further analysis and brand comparison, this paper will consider several actual softwares that are needed for certain computing tasks such as Microsoft Office Home 2007 for encoding needs, adobe brick Photoshop CS Edition for file and film viewing, and Netscape Navigator for internet surfing purposes. For the Microsoft Office Home 2007, the recommended storage capacity to use this software is 1.5GB.For the Adobe Photoshop CS Edition, it is necessary to have at least 280MB of available hard disk space. Finally, the Netscape Navigator requires coulomb MB of free storage space for its effective function. Thus, consider this top and among the most required computer application softwares, the established least expensive computer unit in the previous comparison appears to be sufficient, with its basic storage capacity, to handle the common tasks of encoding, surfing, and file viewing for its users.Because of this, even the least expensive computer brand in the present is still within the recommended units particu larly for users who only need to perform basic computer tasks to aid their actual tasks and responsibilities. In general, each computer units has their own system specifications determining whether they are among the fastest or more efficient computer model or just within the basic range. This system specification determines much the specific economic value of price of the said computer model, as they tend to be commensurable to the performance value of the unit.However, considering the price efficiency and performance capacity of those considered to be among the cheapest brand, these computer units namely the Dell Optiplex GX270 and the other models falling in its category are still effective enough to handle the basic computer tasks in the present society. As such, price and high-end specification are not the main standards in weighing the relevance factor of each computer brands but instead, their performance value and actual significance to the needs of their users in terms of c omputing tasks and operations

Presentation of information Essay Example for Free

Presentation of information Essayhither is various data which I obtained from the 2001 West Finchley numerate that is based around the demography of the area. This data willing help me to make conclusions about potential customers, levels of income etcetera I possess converted some census data into graphs and kept some as flurrys.From this graph taken from the census data, it is clear that the majority of tribe living in Finchley Central are maturated 20-64. From this data, hot chocolate state has a good age gap to provide coffee and other beverages to potential customers. However, there is still a high follow of 5-19 year olds, so they may call for to provide an alternative for the younger state instead of coffee, such as a sandwich or juice.The most popular mode of transport that employed residents theatrical role here is the train via the underground localise. This is very significant for Coffee body politic as the underground station is very near to the site where the possible Coffee Republic would locate. This would reckon that Coffee Republic could be able to obtain many customers from the underground station as a lot of employed large outlet would be leaving the station to go home in Finchley Central.This table acquired from the census, shows us what percentage of the residents in Finchley Central are economically active. There are a lot of employed people shown in this data, which can provide the possibility of customers, as the employed have more disposable income to spend on such indulgences that Coffee Republic provides.From the table above, I can see that 18% of people in Finchley Central are classed in the large employer, higher managerial/higher professional group. This information tells me how much possible disposable income potential customers may have by looking at their economic classification. By looking at this group in particular, it can show that this group of people have a high amount of disposable income as this group is associated with high paid jobs such as doctors, lawyers etc. From gathering this information, it can help to make a decision on pricing, as Coffee Republic will need to set a pricing strategy that will suit its target market.This table shows that 10% of people in Finchley Central work from home. This indicates that this class of people may not have a lot of disposable income to spend on luxuries, which can mean people in this menage may not visit the potential Coffee Republic. This would mean that Coffee Republic may need to set a low price for their quality products to appeal to this set of people, as this category of people may not earn a lot of money compared to those in a high professional role.Data from upmystreet This map shows data which I have collected from www.upmystreet.com. It lists the ten surrounding coffee shops in Finchley Central, which may prove to be potential competitors to Coffee Republic. This can help me to pick out which of these competitors would be a threat to Coffee Republic.From the competitors map I can see that there are a large number of competitors surrounding the potential location of the sweet franchise. This data shows me whether locating a new-fangled franchise would be a sound business decision as a large number of competitors could be detrimental to Coffee Republic. On the contrary, the map shows that the competition is small scale businesses e.g. local cafs, which could mean that locating a franchise there would eliminate them, due to the reputable name and brand that Coffee Republic has built up.The Coffee Republic franchise process-This flowchart shows the processes and steps involved in creating a Coffee Republic Franchise. Possible franchisors will always look to these steps when considering creating a new Coffee Republic franchise. I obtained this information from the Coffee Republic franchise pack from the Coffee Republic website.

Fredric Jameson and the No Wave Art Movement Essay Example for Free

Fredric Jameson and the No shiver Art Movement EssayIn postmodernististist maneuver, history is self-consciously reappropriated and re-fashioned into current forms. postmodernist nontextual matter, Jameson argues, was a logical outcome of late-capitalism, which in its late stage has allowed society to abolish the distinction in the midst of high culture and mass culture, producing a culture of degradation. This was first taken up as an esthetical by Andy Warhol. In the text, Postmodernism Style and Subversion, 1970-1990, Adamson and Pavitt none that Jameson, found Warhols glittering series Diamond Dust lieu to be p maneuvericularly unnerving because of its incorporation of ommodity culture (70). Art, fit in to both Warhol and Jameson is above all, a commodity, something to be bought and sold. Warhols bend illustrates Jamesons contention that, Aesthetic merchandise today has become integrated into commodity occupation (4). This conflation of invention and commodity creates a line of cultural production that is incapable of depth and valuable loving revue. jibe to Jameson, the abstract machinationistic of modernism was an expression of the new social forms of abstraction specif ic to capitalism.In modernism, the universalization of the money-form manifests as a range of social abstractions including, for example, societys dominant way of seeing and representing the world aesthetically. In the age of globular capitalism, the utopian sublime of modernism, to which Jameson referred, has disappeared, and has been replaced by the postmodern cultural logic of consumption. With the universalization of capitalism, the distinction surrounded by culture and economic science has collapsed. In postmodernism everything, including contrivance and culture, is subject to the logic of commodif ication.In the text, The heathen Turn, Jameson submits that postmodernity makes the cultural economic at the resembling time that it turns the economic into s o many forms of culture (81). This essay submits that the No roll up guile endeavor that occurred between 1974 1984 in young Yorks Lower East Side is indeed postmodern, by Jamesons standards, and yet resists this conflation of art and commodity that Jameson maintains is characteristic of this paradigm. Jamesons text, Postmodernism, suggests that with arts entry into the commodity sphere art becomes propelled not by ideas alone by money (Adamson et. al, 70). John N.Duvall is critical of Jamesons linkage between culture and commodif ication in the postmodern context. Duvall writes in his text, Troping History, It is precisely change that, for Jameson, can no longer be imagined in postmodernism, since aesthetic production has been subsumed by commodity production, thereforely emptying the modernist aesthetic of affect and hence of governmental effect (4). Jamesons characterization of postmodern art as enveloped in commodif ication overlooks art produced during this period that consciously existed outside the margins of the art market and acted as a resistance to the conditions of a commodif ied artistic arena.As alluded to by Duvall in the previous quotation, Jameson does not nib for the possibility of political art production in postmoderism. As Perry Anderson notes, by the positioning of the postmodern between aesthetics and economics, Jameson omits, a sense of culture as a battlefield, that divides protagonists. That is the plane of politics understood as a space in its own right (18). As Marvin J. Taylor describes, downtown artists were profoundly aware of the visitation of modernist revolutions, entirely were unwilling to abandon the possibility of a better world (22) 1.It is precisely this urge for a better world that Jameson contends is an impossibility in the context of late-capitalism, and absent from postmodern art production. To classify the No range Art Movement as postmodern requires a pull ining definition of this cultural epoch. Th e postmodern paradigm is commonly associated with a range of aesthetic practices, involving irony, caricature, self-consciousness, fragmentation, playful selfreflexivity and parataxis (Waugh, 325).Characterized largely by the qualities of appropriation and modelling many postmodern artists addressed mass media and commodif ication in their 1 The terms No Wave and downtown setting are used synonymously in essays that describe endurement. So too are these terms used interchangeably in this essay. work, including those artists in the No Wave Movement, specif ically Barabara Kruger, who came out of this movement and whom we look to specif ically at the end of this paper. As Glen Ward notes in his description of the chronology of postmodernism, More complex ideas about postmodernism quickly infiltrated the art world.Next to painting, photography and media- found work regained the limelight in the mid-1980s by seeming to provide a more(prenominal) obviously political postmodernism (41). Rather than being incorporated into the late-capitalist system some theorists argue that postmodern art is a response to capitalist corruption, voicing an opposition to the world of commodities rather than becoming entrenched in it. There is no shortage of theorists and critics who draw characterized the No Wave Art movement within the postmodern paradigm. As Carlo Mccormick describes in his essay, A Crack in Time, which appears in The Downtown Book, etween 1974 and 1984 in Downtown Manhattan occurred the straightforward postmodern moment a time when modernism was most certainly dead and, unmoored from its schematics, creativity was based on flux, uncertainty, and searching (71). The No Wave Art movement can be characterized by several(prenominal) recurrent postmodern themes including tactual sensations of authenticity the Downtown scene questioned the function of terms like authorship, originality, appropriation and even them to the transgressive practices of theft, pira cy and plagiarism.The second recurrent theme explored in the No Wave scene included performativity challenge notions of representation in an environment of fragmented and multiple identities. Thirdly, the No Wave art scene is inextricably linked to its politics. As Taylor describes, Downtown art was activist and aggressive. Work was informed by the feminist movement, mess up activism, AIDs, and poverty in postwar United States. As an expression of these politics, the No Wave Movement unavoidableness to criticize notions of inductional accreditation.This included an exploration of power structures, including the role of education, technical skills and technique. In her description of the Downtown Scene Gumpbert writes, What so many Downtown artists of this era did share is that they conceived their work as substitute(a), if not straightaway subversive, vis-a-vis traditional curatorial and exhibition practices. Incorrigibly and resolutely defiant, Downtown artists interrogated systems of accreditation, broke down generic disciplines, and at present engaged with political issues (14). Artists of the No Wave Art scene engaged with the political issues that plagued New York metropolis at the time.This signif ies a potent antithesis to Jamesons notion of postmodern art as vacuous and incapable of politicization. Taylor writes, umbrageous of easy assimilation into the traditional Uptown art scene, Downtown artists mounted a full-scale irreverence on the structures of society that had led to grinding poverty, homelessness, the Vietnam War, nuclear power, misogyny, racism homophobia and a host of other social problems (22). As an aesthetic movement the No Wave Art scene stood as a extremely politicized rejection of the evolution of art as commodity.It was also a domain of extreme artistic production, From graffiti art to appropriation to Neo-Geo, virtually every major development in American art during that period seems to have originated in one or more of t he mostly small, mostly storefront spaces that sprang up in the contested urban zones that characterized a neighbourhood in the early stages of transition from slum to middle-class playground (Gumpert, 84). The scene existed active voicely outside the art market, residing largely in informal alternative spaces (Gumpert, 13).As an expression of an alternative antiestablishment attitude much of the work produced at this time took the form of graffiti art or execution art. According to Gumpert, Artists, took to the streets in the late mid-seventies (11). Notable artists of this time include, the graffiti works of Jean-Michel Basquiat, Keith Herrings works in the citys subway platforms and on sidewalks and Richard Hambleton, whose work appeared in poorly lit downtown alleys and construction sites (11). The No Wave movement was also composed of a subcultural punk scene, a host of postmodern writers and experimental filmmakers and word-painting artists.Most famously perhaps was the Ti mes Square Show, that took place in 1980 in an empty manipulate parlour, with works from more than a hundred artists. These examples demonstrate the hope of many of the artists in the No Wave art movement to cut shortout of the framework of the established art world (11). The work that is categorized as No Wave was characterized by a certain ephemerality, which allowed the artists and their works to resist the constraints of the commercial market. This offers a critique of Jamesons assumption that art produced in the postmodern paradigm is inextricably linked with an economic motivation.As Gumpert explains in the forward for the text, The Downtown Book The New York Art Scene 1974 1984, A majority of the works shown in these spaces were process oriented and situationally specif ic, involving a relationship between materials, concepts, actions and locations. They were sometimes spontaneous, improvisational, open-ended, and often collaborative. The works existed within a given time and then ceased to exist. As a result much of this work was labeled ephemeral, the flavor being to create an experience rather than a product, and new terms were devised to describe it, such as installation and performanceDuring this period artists out of necessity created and took control of their own contexts (10) In order to affect much of the ephemeral work produced between 1974 1984 in New York, it was archived and documented in photographs, notes, and films. Irving Sandler accounts for the motives behind sustenance in the No Wave art scene, theyre sympathies were countercultural, they believed that the documentation of a work was not art and thus not salable. They had turned to process art installation art, body art, and conceptual art because they did not want to create art commodities.Many also believed that their refusal to produce salable objects would subvert the art market (24). This demonstrates a anti-market sentiment in the production of postmodern No Wave art. J ameson does not account for this type of art production in the theories that he forwards in his text, Postmodernism. Writing about the No Wave literature, Robert Siegle identif ies a central insurgency against established structures of culture that existed in New York at that time. He wrote, It is, then, an insurgency, but not one that expects to break free of some kind of specif ic corrupt institution.It is an insurgency against the silence of institutions, the secrecy of the ideology of form, the unspoken violence of normalization (4). Siegle describes No Wave writing as quintessentially postmodern in its approach to the silence of institutions and to the position of the speaking subject. Rather than attempting to overthrow institutions, No Wave literature, according to Siegle, is premised on the attempt to understand how the discourse of institutions constructs who we are, thereby using that knowl raciness to problematize cultural discourse. Although in his text, suburban Ambush Downtown Writing and the Fiction ofInsurgency, Siegle speaks specif ically of writing, this assessment applies equally to all artists in the No Wave scene. Through the deployment of the postmodern techniques that Jameson describes, artwork in the No Wave context, was far from the depthless commodity that Jameson imagined. It was rather super political, productive and subversive. In his text, Postmodernism and Consumer Society, Jameson furthers his claims that in postmodernism expressive depth is replaced by an aesthetic superficiality in a phenomenon that he describes as the waning of affect.This waning is directly associated to a diminished political imagination. Jameson uses a comparison of the work of painter Edvard Munch and Andy Warhol to evidence this modern to postmodern shift. He contends that in postmodernism historical depth is replaced by nostalgia. Simultaneously, parody is replaced by pastiche, and an art of surface and loss is substituted for a history which ashes forever out of reach (198). Jameson feels, it is no longer clear what artists and writers of the present period are vatical to be doing (196).This invoking of nostalgia and pastiche creates a condition in which artists can only comment upon or disgorge past art. This is articulated with Jamesons description of postmodern art practice as being characterized by the affliction of the new, the imprisonment in the past (196). In, The Postmodern Turn, Kellner and Best describe Jamesons conjecture noting, Coolness, blankness, and apathy become new moods for the decelerating, recessionary postmodern condition in an age of downsizing and diminishing expectations (134). Jameson seems to articulate his own failings in his description of postmodern art.He admits that he is confounded by the postmodern and political work of Hans Haacke who questioned the institution and capitalism through his postmodern art installations. Of Hacke, Jameson writes, The case of Haacke poses, however, a problem , for his is a kind of cultural production which is clearly postmodern and equally clearly political and oppositional something that does not compute within the paradigm and does not seem to have been theoretically foreseen by it (159). The No Wave art movement equally confounds Jamesons theory towards a postmodern art that is bound by a sense of complicity.Much critique has been garnered by Jamesons position on the art of the postmodern. Theorist Linda Hutcheon is critical of Jamesons positioning of pastiche as a dead technique, But the looking to both the aesthetic and the historical past in postmodernist architecture is anything but what Jameson describes as pastiche, that is the random cannibalization of all the styles of the past, the play of random stylistic allusion. There is absolutely nothing random or without principle in the parodic recall and re-examination of the pastTo include irony and play is never ineluctably to exclude seriousness of purpose in post-modernist a rt. To misunderstand this is to misunderstand the nature of much contemporary aesthetic production even if it does make for neater theorizing. (26 -27) Downtown artists actively sought to address this issue of art production within a capitalist system. Their work is characterized by a postmodern multiplicity. In his essay on the Downtown scene, Siegle notes, further from being defeated by contradictions, these postmoderns take form it the cue for an alternative logic.Far from being rendered hopeless by the seemingly inevitable drift of (inter)national politics, they borrow form disinformation the ironic home of familiar forms for cross-purposes. Far from being paralyzed by the anxiety of past masters influence, they appropriate them for description on classic motifs (such as mastery, originality, autonomy, representation) and art-world structures (such as publishing houses, galleries, museums, and criticism). Far from feeling compromised by the investment economics of art, they turn the art market into a microcosm of consumer capitalism and subvert its operations. 10) No Wave artists, though they invoked themes of capitalism, were in fact openly critical of it. They did not create art with the intention of financial gain. Taylor presents Bourdieus theory on cultural capital to elucidate the artistic practices of those in the No Wave art scene and their pursual for symbolic capital rather than economic. He writes, If the whole field of cultural production could be imagination of as all those artists, poets, musicians, editors, publishers, critics, performers hen there could be subsets of this group who did not all conform to the desire for economic capital, but rather, and mostly because their work was experimental, sought symbolic capital from their peers (31). Jameson argued that postmodernism marks the final and issue incorporation of culture into the commodity system. This integration The No Wave art scene, in fact, actively critiqued this condition. though the No Wave Art movement occurred under the conditions of late-capitalism, the work produced during this period does not embody this notion of depthless commodity Jameson maintains is the primary characteristic of postmodern art.Barbara Kruger is an example of a No Wave artist whose work engages with themes of the media and the market piece being simultaneously postmodern, anti-capitalist, and political. Krugers work, particularly her piece, Untitled, (When I hear the word culture I take out my cheque-book), serves as a response to the commodity culture postmodernism is so entrenched in. This work directly addresses Jamesons concern that postmodern art is incapable of an authentic engagement with politicization.Kruger evokes many postmodern themes in her work yet avoids the non-criticality of commodif ied art practice that Jameson forwards. Kruger invokes the postmodern technique of pastiche recombining previously articulated styles while actively producing new meanings thr ough this act re-appropriation. For Jameson, Pastiche is a recycling of the past without the critical edge of satire or the subversive role of parody it is a gesture to the past in a mediasaturated culture that lives in a perpetual present (Murphie, Potts, Macmillan, 58).Where Jameson forwarded the notion that pastiche was merely blank parody (184) Kruger enacts pastiche as a meaningful technique. As noted in Postmodernism Style and Subversion 1970 1990, She managed to break the conceptual barrier between art and mass media by selecting images from magazines from the 40s and 50s. Choosing them based on their poses and presenting phrases over them Stereotypes were thus turned into the vehicle for delivery of a totally different message (368). Some of the postmodern themes deployed by Kruger include, the questioning of meta-narrative tructures, highlighting the decentred nature of contemporary culture, and the divorcing of sign and signif ier. In her work Kruger operates within the l anguage and iconic system of consumer culture while offering a critique of those very conditions. As outlined in this essay Jamesons theory of the cultural logic of late-capitalism fails to identify the critical aspect that characterized much of the work produced under the conditions of postmodernism. This is specif ically demonstrated through the work of No Wave artists operating out of New york in the 1970s and 80s.While invoking the aesthetic themes common to postmodernism the work produced in the No Wave scene was highly political and did not act as a static representation of commodif ied art culture. The work of Barbara Kruger specif ically dealt with the concern of art as existing in a commodif ied global economy rather than simply falling dupe to it. It was in fact the movements shift towards commodity that marked the No Waves scenes decline. The year 1984 is signif icant to this movements trajectory. In his essay entitled, playacting the Field The Downtown Scene and Cultura l Production, An IntroductionMarvin J. Taylor writes, By 1984 the larger art world had encroached on the scene. That same year Mary Boone displayed and began to sell Basquiats paintings for up to $20, 000 The major art journals, galleries, and auction houses had co-opted the restricted field of Downtown art, creating superstars and an influx of economic capital that would eventually overtake the symbolic capital (36). It was exactly this move into the realm of the market that ended the production of postmodern art within the Downtown scene.Postmodern artists active in the No Wave art movement Jamesons proposition that art made under postmodern conditions is incapable of exacting a political message. Works Cited Adamson, Glenn, Jane Pavitt, and Paola Antonelli. Postmodernism Style and Subversion, 1970-1990. capital of the United Kingdom VA Pub. , 2011. Bertens, Hans. The Idea of Postmodernism A History. London Routledge, 1995. Cameron, Dan. East Village USA. New York New Museum of Co ntemporary Art, 2004. Duvall, John N. Productive Postmodernism Consuming Histories and Cultural Studies. capital of New York State University of New York, 2002.Hager, Steven. Art after Midnight The East Village Scene. New York St. Martins, 1986. Hutcheon, Linda. A Poetics of Postmodernism History, Theory, Fiction. New York Routledge, 1988. Jameson, Fredric. Postmodernism, Or, The Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism. Durham Duke UP, 1991. Jameson, Fredric. The Cultural Turn Selected Writings on the Postmodern, 1983-1998. London Verso, 1998. Kellner, Douglas, and Sean Homer. Fredric Jameson A sarcastic Reader. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire Palgrave Macmillan, 2004. Murphie, Andrew, and John Potts. Culture and Technology.New York Palgrave Macmillan, 2003. Perry Anderson. The Origins of Postmodernity. London Verso, 1998. Sandler, Irving. Art of the Postmodern Era From the Late 1960s to the former(a) 1990s. New York Icon Editions, 1996 Siegle, Robert. Suburban Ambush Downtown Writing and the Fiction of Insurgency. Baltimore Johns Hopkins University Press, 1989. Taylor, Marvin J. The Downtown Book The New York Art Scene, 1974-1984. Princeton, NJ Princeton UP, 2006. Ward, Glenn. Postmodernism. Chicago Contemporary, 2003. Print. Wheale, Nigel. The Postmodern Arts An Introductory Reader. London Routledge, 1995.