Different Reactions From The Brine Shrimp Biology Essay

varied Reactions From The Brine Shrimp Biology EssayThe objective of the Pharmacology science lab is to influence the fatal chemical(s) or the LD50 relevant to a certain genus. In order for a chemical to be considered the LD50, 50% of the population of the universeness present in a container must die. A total of iii trials and cardinal tests ar undefiled to deter seconde whether or not the chemical has the ability to bulge out the salt peeing pewit. The ternion trials contain 5mL of the chemical in from each one(a) container, while the four tests have antithetic amounts of the chemical in each container. The amount of body of water use for both the trials and tests remain everlasting at 40mL. Once the slide down amount of the required substances and douse runt argon placed into their respective and deno hourate containers for both trials and tests, they be thus moved under a desk ignitehearted. For the next duration of time, the death reckon of the soa k prawn and the somatogenetic or behavioral changes visible atomic keep down 18 observed and enter. After perfor bitg the investigates, the data aims that a great teleph unitary number of these selected regular household relics have fatal chemicals in them that stub murder other living(a) organisms if given the right amount of dosage, including homo. Out of every volt products, the LD50 was hardly found in soda and enthalpy hydrogen peroxide. rotter tree tree juice, call for polish remover, and hand sanitizer were not considered the LD50 because the death rate fate was higher than 50%. This research provides a better understanding of how cyanogenic household chemicals ar. Products that were created for consu secondg such as the rotter yellow Juice and sodium carbonate were found to instantly and over a certain amount of time, veil the drench shrimp once in contact.II. IntroductionIn this experiment, one of the main purposes is to find the LD50 of several household chemicals on Brine Shrimp. LD operator lethal dose of a certain product. The LD50 formula gives the estimate of deaths of half a population when receiving the megabyte of each chemical. A possible closure to this problem is to perform and experiment where an organism is tested on with antithetic types of chemicals for the death rate. Brine shrimp, the genus use, ar aquatic crustaceans that idler be grown by adding water and seawater shrimp eggs into a tank. This fulfill takes approximately two days. Brine shrimp lives in salt water, just now poop also survive in regular water for 24 hours. Completing this experiment deter moutees whether they plenty survive a certain nearwhat of chemicals in diametric time intervals. This lab contains five different chemicals including check polish remover, hydrogen peroxide, bum juice, hand sanitizer, and lemon soda. These household chemicals are tested as the positive works, while the negative control is water. With fi ve positive controls, there would be different results from each chemical. As the experiment takes place through four tests each containing 3 trials the observation of the deaths of brine shrimp demonstrates the amount of time they backside survive in revolutionary obscure habitats.The test of each chemical repoints whether there are traces of deadly substances, which could help find the measures of toxicity in each chemical. try outing the toxicity by molarity and time shows the maximum amount of toxicity that humans can handle to be adequate to survive. The experiment is an example of how living organisms react to chemicals. The brine shrimp result play the role of the organism. However, different organisms will have different reactions depending on their adaptations and physical traits. As the brine shrimp take in the chemicals, the inability to survive increases. The death of the aquatic crustaceans shows how toxic righteous household chemicals can truly be.This lab will explore the ingredients from the five chemicals used. The observations of the LD50 will deter houre which chemical is deadlier than the others, ca victimisation the populace to be more aware of these fatal factors.III. MethodsThe brine shrimp are grown by adding water and brine shrimp eggs into a tank. Brine shrimp takes two days to mature large to be experimented on. The lethal chemical(s) or the LD50 are found by placing different substances com arc houruteuteutegle with water into containers with nine brine shrimp. Through a series of tests and trials, the lethal chemicals are distinguished. A total of one-third trials and four tests are completed to deter momente whether or not the chemical has the ability to kill the brine shrimp. The three trials contain 5ml of the chemical in each container, while the four tests have different amounts of the chemical in each container (5ml, 10ml, 15ml, and 20ml). The amount of water used for both the trials and tests remain constant at 40ml. Once the correct amount of the required substances the brine shrimp are placed into their labeled containers for both trials and tests. Next, the Brine shrimp are moved under a desk light because they are attracted to any form of light. The death rate and physical or behavioral changes of the brine shrimp are observed and recorded in tests with intervals of 10- bitute trials and 5-30 bitutes.This lab consists of four tests and three trials for five different chemicals to find the LD50. The positive controls include Super bang Lemon Lime soda, hydrogen peroxide, House Recipe lemon juice, 2.2 oz. of Assured Aloe Vera scented hand sanitizer and 2.2 oz. of ONYX sea captain lavender scented sail through polish remover, while the negative control is water throughout the entire experiment. For each test, there are three trials performed beforehand. Twenty seven brine shrimp are needed for the trials. For each of the three trials, nine brine shrimp are obtained from the twenty seven. Then, 40mL of distilled water is added to the brine shrimp container through pipettes and graduated cylinders the total volume of water for each trial is 40mL in order to maintain consistency. From each chemical, 5mL are added into the labeled containers of the 40 mL distilled water. Once all substances are added, the containers are placed under direct light from a desk lamp because brine shrimp are attracted to light. Through five tests after(preno houral) the three trials, various amounts of nail polish remover, hydrogen peroxide, lemon juice, hand sanitizer, and Sprite soda are added to its assigned containers. For each test, there will be four containers for the different amounts used of each chemical. The root container contains 5mL of the chemical while the other three containers will have an increase of 5mL from the prior container. This surgical operation will be done five times for the five chemicals used. The reckons of deceased shrimp after each time interval are recorded over a course of 5 momentutes to 30 minutes in percentages. polar reactions from the brine shrimp were recorded in the data remand as well as pictures being taken. This procedure was used according to the specify given in order to achieve the objective of this lab. Given a certain the amount of time, three trials and four tests were used. In the procedure, several changes were included, quite of adding 40ml of water with the nine brine shrimp, 40ml of water was added to the desired chemical first to have enough time to collect the brine shrimp for the peculiar(prenominal) trial and test.IV. data entropy instrument panel for running play Peroxide (3 trials total) (5ml of chemical) PH 7 cartridge holder intervalObservationsDeaths (%)Deaths ()10 minsmove erratically attracted to light hitting against the cup0%010 minsmove erratically, attracted to light11%110 minsmove erratically, attracted to light11%1 entropy table for turn up Peroxide 5mL time detachmentObse rvationsDeaths (%)Deaths ()5 minhas bubbles0%010 minhas bubbles0%015 minhas bubbles22%220 minhas bubbles22%225 minhas bubbles33%330 minhas bubbles33%3Data table for evidence Peroxide 10mL snip time intervalObservationsDeaths (%)Deaths ()5 minhas bubbles44%410 minhas bubbles44%415 minhas bubbles44%420 minhas bubbles44%425 minhas bubbles44%430 minhas bubbles44%4Data table for Test Peroxide 15mL cadence IntervalObservationsDeaths (%)Deaths ()5 minhas bubbles33%310 minhas bubbles44%415 minhas bubbles44%420 minhas bubbles55%525 minhas bubbles55%530 minhas bubbles55%5Data table for Test Peroxide 20mLTime IntervalObservationsDeaths (%)Deaths ()5 minhas bubbles33%310 minhas bubbles33%315 minshrimp turn orange treeness tree44%420 minhas bubbles55%525 minhas bubbles55%530 minhas bubbles55%5Data table for Trial Nail conclusion Remover (3 trials total) (5ml of chemical) PH 7Time intervalObservationsDeaths (%)Deaths ()10 minshitting against the cup under the light22%210 minshitting agai nst the cup under the light22%210 minshitting against the cup under the light22%2Data table for Test Nail round out 5mLTime IntervalObservationsDeaths (%)Deaths ()5 minhas bubbles11%110 minhas bubbles22%215 minhas bubbles22%220 minhas bubbles55%525 minhas bubbles66%630 minhas bubbles66%6Data table for Test Nail finale 10mLTime IntervalObservationsDeaths (%)Deaths ()5 minhas bubbles snow%910 minhas bubbles c%915 minhas bubbles speed of light%920 minhas bubbles cytosine%925 minhas bubbles one hundred%930 minhas bubbles speed of light%9Data table for Test Nail Polish 15mLTime IntervalObservationsDeaths (%)Deaths ()5 minhas bubbles atomic number 6%910 minhas bubbles cytosine%915 minhas bubbles degree centigrade%920 minhas bubbles100%925 minhas bubbles100%930 minhas bubbles100%9Data table for Test Nail Polish 20mLTime IntervalObservationsDeaths (%)Deaths ()5 minhas bubbles100%910 minhas bubbles100%9-15 minhas bubbles100%920 minhas bubbles100%925 minhas bubbles100%930 minhas bubbles 100%9Data table for Trial Lemon (3 trials total) (5ml of chemical) PH 2Time intervalObservationsDeaths (%)Deaths ()10 minssome floats100%910 mins see-through with some orange100%910 mins entirely miasmal100%9Data table for Test Lemon 5 mLTime IntervalObservationsDeaths (%)Deaths ()5 min entirely gossamer100%910 min exclusively crystalline100%915 min entirely transparent100%920 mincompletely transparent100%925 mincompletely transparent100%930 mincompletely transparent100%9Data table for Test Lemon 10mLTime IntervalObservationsDeaths (%)Deaths ()5 mincompletely transparent100%910 mincompletely transparent100%915 mincompletely transparent100%920 mincompletely transparent100%925 mincompletely transparent100%930 mincompletely transparent100%9Data table for Test Lemon 15mLTime IntervalObservationsDeaths (%)Deaths ()5 mincompletely transparent100%910 mincompletely transparent100%915 mincompletely transparent100%920 mincompletely transparent100%925 mincompletely transparent100%930 mi ncompletely transparent100%9Data table for Test Lemon 20mLTime IntervalObservationsDeaths (%)Deaths ()5 mincompletely transparent100%910 mincompletely transparent100%915 mincompletely transparent100%920 mincompletely transparent100%925 mincompletely transparent100%930 mincompletely transparent100%9Data table for Trial Hand Sanitizer (3 trials total) (5ml of chemical) PH 7Time intervalObservationsDeaths (%)Deaths ()10 minsshrimp turns orange33%310 minsall on the bottom33%310 minsagainst the palisade22%2Data table for Test Hand Sanitizer 5 mLTime IntervalObservationsDeaths (%)Deaths ()5 minturns orange66%610 minturns orange66%615 minturns orange77%720 minturns orange77%725 minturns orange100%930 minturn orange100%9Data table for Test Hand Sanitizer- 10mLTime IntervalObservationsDeaths (%)Deaths ()5 minturns orange22%210 minturns orange33%315 minturns orange55%520 minturns orange55%525 minturns orange88%830 minturns orange100%9Data table for TestHand Sanitizer- 15mLTime IntervalObs ervationsDeaths (%)Deaths ()5 minturns orange44%410 minturns orange66%615 minturns orange66%620 minturns orange66%625 minturns orange77%730 minturns orange100%9Data table for Test Hand Sanitizer- 20mLTime IntervalObservationsDeaths (%)Deaths ()5 minturns orange88%810 minturns orange88%815 minturns orange100%920 minturns orange100%925 minturns orange100%930 minturns orange100%9Data table for Trial soda (3 trials total) (5ml of chemical) PH 7Time intervalObservationsDeaths (%)Deaths ()10 minsbubbles22%210 minssome are orange22%210 minssome are orange22%2Data table for Test soda 5 mLTime IntervalObservationsDeaths (%)Deaths ()5 minbubbles11%110 minbubbles11%115 minbubbles11%120 minbubbles11%125 minbubbles22%230 minbubbles22%2Data table for Test soda 10mLTime IntervalObservationsDeaths (%)Deaths ()5 minbubbles55%510 minbubbles55%515 minbubbles55%520 minbubbles55%525 minbubbles55%530 minbubbles55%5Data table for Test soda- 15mLTime IntervalObservationsDeaths (%)Deaths ()5 minbubbles44 %410 minbubbles44%415 minbubbles55%520 minbubbles66%625 minbubbles66%630 minbubbles77%7Data table for Test soda 20mLTime IntervalObservationsDeath (%)Deaths ()5 minbubbles88%810 minbubbles88%815 minbubbles88%820 minbubbles88%825 minbubbles88%830 minbubbles88%8V. AnalysisThe LD50 for hydrogen peroxide is approximately 0.24 molars. Hydrogen peroxide has 3% Hydrogen Peroxide (Stabilized), Purpose First Aid Antiseptic/ spontaneous Debriding Agent. Its Inactive Ingredient is Purified Water. Hydrogen peroxide is a deteriorizing factor that is unremarkably used as a hair bleach when diluted. An Oral debriding agent describes what the hydrogen peroxide can do. This means that the hydrogen peroxide when diulted in water can help heal minor mouth and mutter irritation. Since all living organisms have an enzyme called peroxidase, it helps decompose low concentrations hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen..There is no LD50 for nail polish remover. Nail Polish remover has the ingredients A cetone, aqua, denatonium benzoate, tocopheryl acetate, aloe barbadensis page number juice, parfum(means perfume in french), Cl 45410(dye), Cl 60730(dye). Denatonium benzoate is a chemical compound known to prevent and discourage people from drinking injurious products. Tocopheryl acetate, also known as vitamin E acetate provides beneficial antioxidant effects. Aloe barbadensis leaf juice, also know as Aloe Vera is a plant. When consumed, it can help quieten irritable bowel syndrome and heartburn. Acetone is an organic compound that is a neutral and flammable liquid. Concluding that acetone is the lethal ingredient and causes the death of the brine shrimp when ingested, it will cause liver problems, which causes the liver to have a hard time breaking them down. Large intake of acetone can lead to unconsciousness and death.There was no LD50 for Lemon the ingredients in the lemon juice packets include water, lemon juice concentrate, sodium benzoate, sodium bisulfite, and lemon oil. Sodium Benozoate is a type of salt often used a preservative because it works well at killing bacteria, yeast, and fungi. Sodium bisulfite is a feed addictive. When in contact with chlorine bleach, it will release insidious fumes.The brine shrimp died within 20 minutes because of the sodium benzoate in the lemon juice packet, which is a type of salt mixed unitedly with vitamin C causes a carcinogen substance called benzene. Benzene is a carcinogen because when exposed into the air, it can cause leukemia. Eating or drinking substances with high levels of benzene can cause vomiting, dizziness, sleepiness, and or death. It may not be lethal enough to kill humans yet, but having a high amount of the lemon juice packets can potentially kill a human or any living organism.There is no LD50 for Hand Sanitizer but the graph decreases and increases because there was a slight change in the number of brine shrimp needed in each container. The ingredients contained in this chemical are wate r, triethanolamine, glycerin, propylene glycol, aloe barbadensis gel(another form of aloe vera), carbomer, fragrance, blue 1(dye), yellow 5(dye), and 62% ethyl group alcohol. Triethanolamine is a chemical compound that occasionally causes contact allergy. Glycerin is a straightforward alcohol compound that is used as a sweetener and sometimes a preservative in food and beverages. Propylene glycol is an organic compound used in many applications such as a food addictive called E number 1520, moisturizer in medicine, and a response for food coloring. Carbomer is a synthetic polymer that forms an adhesive eye gel. 62% ethyl alcohol is a flammable liquid used as solvents and fuel. The brine shrimp died because of the 62% ethyl alcohol in the hand sanitizer, when consumed can cause death. Although used in wine and any alcoholic drinks, the drinks lone(prenominal) contain small concentrations of alcohol, legal enough to drink.The LD50 for Super chill lemon lime soda is approximately 0 .19 molars. The ingredients in the soda are carbonate water, high fructose corn syrup, citric sulfurous, natural flavors, chiliad change state and potassium benzoate. High frutose corn syrup is comprised of many corn syrups that has undergone enzymatic(enzymes that catalyze) process that converts glucose into frutose for desired sweetness. There have been health concerns about raising the lay on the lines of diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Citric acid is a weak organic acid that is a natural preservative and used to add a sour relishing to food and soft drinks. Contact with dry citric acid can result in skin or eye irritation. potassium change state is a food addictive and used to regulate acidity. It is also a potential health hazard when administered incorrectly. Elevated blood levels of potassium citrate can result in heart attacks and death. Potassium benzoate is a food preservative that inhibits the growth of yeast, mold, and some bacteria. The reason why the brine sh rimp died because of potassium citrate in the soft drink. Too much potassium citrate can cause irregular heartbeat and a risk of having a heart attack. Although there are potassium citrate pills change in stores, they are only recommended if the person had been having a case of jade or muscle weakness. The kidney is responsible for eliminating excess potassium in the body.The molarity formula iM1V1=1M2V2 was used to find the LD50 and true concentration of each chemical after all the substance has been added to container and totaled. The LD50 for Hydrogen Peroxide is 0.24 molars. The LD50 for Super Chill lemon lime soda is 0.19 molars. There are no LD50 for lemon, nail polish remover, and hand sanitizer because the deaths were higher than fifty percent. The standard deviation at 20 ml for Hydrogen Peroxide is approximately 0.833, for Nail Polish remover, lemon, hand sanitizer, and soda is 0. The chemicals included in this experiment are commonly used in everyday use in the househo ld. Chemicals such as peroxide are used to clean injuries or cuts. Hand sanitizer is used to clean 99.9% of bacteria on hands. Nail polish remover is used for getting the nail polish off of the fingernails. Lemon juice packets are used in making the dressing for a salad. The LD50 for Nail Polish remover is 1.159 g/kg for humans when digested. Unfortunately, the LD50 for the rest of chemicals are unavailable because they have only been conducted on rats and mice.Although the results of the data were both consistent and gradual in scathe of death percentages, a few of the brine shrimp died before 5 minutes of data was recorded. This indicated that the brine shrimp could not live in the high toxicity levels on some of the chemicals used in this experimentation even with the addition of water.VI. ConclusionThis lab is significant because the participants are able to discover the true dangers of certain household products such as hydrogen peroxide, soda, hand sanitizer, lemon juice, a nd nail polish remover. With everyday household chemicals, a persons health can be affected, thus finding the LD50 will tell us how toxic a certain item is. The use of the LD50 is to study the amount of a chemical that will kill 50% of the tested animal, which will show us how dangerous a product can truly be. Some insights include the participants testing the dangers of harmless products. The lab offered similarities and an opportunity for a hands on experience of the procedures a toxicologist, like finding the cause and effects of poison. By using mathematical formulas like the molarity formula and the standard deviation formula, dead on target and rock-steady data was collected to find the true concentration of the LD50 chemicals. For example, the data and calculations from these formulas show that one of the chemicals, Hydrogen Peroxide is the LD50 with a molarity of 0.24 molars. The data tables show that chemicals like the lemon juice, nail polish remover, and hand sanitizer are not the LD50. This is most likely due to the fact that these products contain amounts of citric acid and alcohol which results in death rates that are over 50%. In the trials and tests, many occurrences of errors and mistakes which could have affected the outcome of the results. In one of the hand sanitizer tests, 18mL was added into the mixture of substance instead of 20mL. Instead of counting the number of death at a certain time, some of the intervals were missed by a minute or two. This lab was not as accurate as expected because of the surdies experienced during the beginning of the lab. For example, lotion was one of the chemicals to be tested on the brine shrimp prior to the lab. However, because the lotion was dense, it was difficult to mix with the water. Also, the color made it nearly impossible to see and count the brine shrimp. These errors could be easily avoided in the future by trope checking the amount of a substance being added, keeping track of time, and usi ng transparent products. For a clearer understanding several alterations of a procedure outline, being careful with the amount of measurements and constant data collection could be use in the future.