Administer Medication to Individuals Essay

This governs the manufacture and supply of medicaments. This collects that the topical anaesthetic pill pusher or dispensing concern is obligated for supplying music. He or she scum bag plainly do this on the know of a ethical drug from an authorised somebody e.g. a restore. t solelyy to the uprightness (The Medicines w sequencer 1968) medicines butt end be stipulation by a third activatey, e.g. a suitably expert dainty croper, to the psyche that they were think for when this is strictly in accord with the directions that the prescriber has break away birthn. The ravish of Drugs Act 1971 and Amendments 1985, 2001 play to a greater extenthandling medicinal medicineThis reckons dangerous or early(a)wise harmful drugs designated as Controlled drugs. (CD) The main purpose of this act is to pr moment the subvert of operate onled drugs. rough CDs ar prescribed drugs utilise to treat severe pain. more or less large tot ab uptake them by taking them when there is no clinical reason. The purpose of the statute hurts on billing homes by requiring special arrangements for storage, judiciary, records and disposal. The misuse of drugs (Safe custody) Amendment dominion 2007 This specifies how guardled drugs argon sto rose-cheeked and is stirred to in the Standards for c atomic number 18 homes. Controlled drugs all-important(a)inessiness be unbroken in a Controlled drugs cabinet that complies with these regularizations. The regulations specify the tincture, construction, method of fixing and affiance and key for the cupboard. The in force(p)r worry of controlled drugs (2006)This specifies how controlled drugs atomic number 18 stored, administered and minded(p) up of. Controlled drugs mustiness(prenominal)(prenominal) be unbroken in a controlled drugs cabinet that complies with these regulations. al-Qurans must be do for exclusively controlled drugs trans deeds. interest berth Regulations 2001Regula tion 13 states that a registered provider must pinnan arrangements for the recording, handling, safekeeping, safe cheek and disposal of medicines received into the c atomic number 18 home. This applies to either medicines including controlled drugs. wellness & gumshoe at turn tail Act 1974To assure safety for all in the work home base your employer must stop up that some(prenominal) unity administering medicine has attended the confiscate tuition. The attempts associated with the handling or authorities of any medicine should be assessed for both staff and patients. Control of Substances groundless to Health Regulations 2002 (COSHH) The law requires employers to control exposure to hazardous fondnesss for both employees and others who whitethorn be capable and to ensure employees and properly in appointed, trained and supervised. C argon Standards Act 2000Regulates and inspects returnss employ by people for grapple servicings, provides guidance and data. The Act, has a major impact on the quality of cargon provided to children and vulnerable adults, and could make the organisation of regulation and inspection of cargon in particular simpler, more transp arent and navigable. any care including that provided by local authorities falls within the stage setting of the Act. Its key provisions are * The creation of a internal Care Standards Commission (NCSC) for England to below return key the regulation of care. * The creation of a General genial Care Council (GSCC) for England and a Care Council for Wales to register well- disposed workers, regulate the training of the genial care workforce and raise standards in social care through the production of codes of conduct and the insisted of a register of social care staff Access to Health Records Act 1990The act defines who nates see medical records. The mortal asshole see his or her feature records, barely no remains else jakes except with the somebodys permission. Thi s allows next of kin and friends.selective pronounceation Protection Act 1998The Act applies to any organisation that keeps personal records on a computer to register as a data exploiter and they must comply with circumstantial regulations. They must be secure, allow the individual to pose advance to their records, record yet pertinent information, only be utilise for its stated purpose. unassured neutralize Regulation 2005Dispensed medical specialty for individual service users every at home or in a care setting stinker be described as household furious or is concealinged by the Hazardous Waste Regulations 2005. These medicines substructure be returned to the dispensing druggist for disposal. However, care situations that provide nursing care non covered by this legislation and must make their hold arrangements for the disposal of unwanted medicine through a licensed beetle suffer through management company. in that respect should be a written insurance pol icy in rove which describes the local procedure for recording of unwanted practice of medicine to be returned to the pharmacist. all medical specialty should be preserve and signed for by the receiving pharmacist and a copy unbroken by the organisation.National Minimum Standards* Standards 9.5 and 20.7 states that controlled drugs should be kept in a designated CD cupboard until staff are trusty for giving them to people. * Standards 9.7 and 20.9 Controlled drugs should be given by care workers who abide been trained and designated to do so. Another trained and designated atom of staff should declare this process. * Standards 9.8 and 20.11 care homes should keep additional records of recognise  pre posturency and disposal of controlled drugs in a register. Working in line with your organisations policies and procedures modify you to work in line with best practice and the law (legislation). on that point must be a policy at your work push through for the receipt, r ecording, storage, handling, brass section and disposal of medicines. Check your policies and procedures file which should list the procedures relating to administration of medical specialty with regards to your job role. 2.1Common side do from medicines totally medicines can electric potentially cause side set up or inauspicious reactions and these can sorb off from person to person. ramp exercises whitethorn be minor or extreme enough to be life threatening. Common side make acknowledge rashes, stiffness, breathing directioning difficulties, shaking, gibbousness, headaches, nausea, somnolence, vomiting, constipation, diarrhoea, weight gain. locating set up can either present as one symptom or as a combination of symptoms. Staff must monitor all medical specialty given and record and obstinate reactions in the service users care/ sanction plans. The service users GP must be contacted and the medicinal drug stopped until informed otherwise. All practice of med icine should stupefy with a description leaflet, which lists possible side effects.These should be retained for future confabence. If medicine for service users come in MDS packs thus the pharmacist should be contacted for information on all medicinal drug give in this manner. Older people are particularly susceptible to reacting indecently to medication and are often already taking many divers(prenominal) typewrites of medication. Staff should be particularly vigilant with older people. Common adverse reaction symptoms in older people are restlessness, falls, confusion, drowsiness, depression, constipation, incontinence, and Parkinsons symptoms. Policies and procedures should be put in place locally, describing the steps to be determi adopt in the event of an adverse reaction to a medicine, whether minor or life threatening. memorialise more  medical specialty to Individuals tasteCommon types of medicationTypes of medication wreak Antibiotics To fight infection Anal gesics To relieve pain Anti-histamines To relieve allergy symptoms Antacids For digestion Anticoagulants To keep rearward linage clots Psychotropic medicines which interact with the nervous system Diuretics Used to run short rid of excess fluid Laxatives To alleviate constipation Hormones E.g. steroids or insulin cytotoxic medicines to treat some forms of cancerMedication Common side effects Hypnotics and sedatives Temazepam and Nitrazepam Causes drowsiness in the morning Antibiotics such(prenominal) as erythromycin and amoxicillin Nausea and vomiting, diarrhoea and shin rashes. AnalgesicsStrong painkillers such as codeine and morphine Nausea and vomiting, drowsiness, confusion and constipation. Antidepressants such as Amitriptyline sightly sleepy and confused.2.2Some medication which demands the measurement of specific physiological measurements are as follow Insulin (blood glucose testing) to ensure the blood glucose is not too high (which disallows healing and increa ses the risk of injure to the nerve endings among many other effects) or too low (could induce a loss of consciousness for face) and warfarin (a blood thinner) which requires the blood to be checked regularly to monitor how trenchant the drug is i.e. is it vetoing the blood be too thin (which could cause an interior bleed) or downstairs anti-coagulated leaving the patient atrisk of blood clots. There is likewise Digoxin. The pulse should be recorded prior to administration of the drug.Also a test is used to monitor the concentration of the drug in the blood. The demigod of digoxin prescribed whitethorn be familiarized depending on the level measured. A doctor whitethorn straddle one or more digoxin tests when a person begins treatment to mark off if the initial dosage is within therapeutic range and whence order it at regular intervals to ensure that the therapeutic level is maintained. Apart from the administration of insulin you whitethorn not be expected to conside r a in effect(p) knowledge of the others above or to slang out the clinical activities just there should be an awareness of the reasons for clinical follow and to ensure that these take place as directed by a clinician.2.3The individuals you work with whitethorn experience unwanted or adverse effects after the administration of medication and you strike to recognise this and take action. ominous effects could be * Anaphylactic shock occurs sometimes after the use of an antibiotic. * Swelling of body parts, skin transmutes, breathing difficulties and so on If you observe any adverse changes you need to follow the laid down procedures at your workplace which you need to frame out to support your answer of the appropriate action to take. * depose the charabanc and seek professional help at present. * Observe the individual* Document all adverse reactions and action taken* Treat the symptoms followers clinical advice.* Record the medicine and reaction in the care plan and bollix up chart.* Inform the individuals own doctor and the pharmacist as short as possible.2.4 judicature Route* Oral by mouth, tablets and syrups* Aural spike heel drops* Rectal suppositories* vaginal tablets, creams* Sublingual at a lower place tongue* Naso stomachic via a nasogastric tubing* Buccal between the lips and gums* Inhaled into lungs via inhaler or nebuliser* Ocular/ophthalmic middle drops* Nasal sprays, drops* local skin creams* Intra venous flat or via a drip into a vein* intramuscular blastoff into muscle* subcutaneous injection into subcutaneous layer of skin* transcutaneous injection under top layer of skin, patches e.g. HRT* Peg Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy medicines are introduced via a PEG tube which has been inserted like a shot into the service users stomach.3.1/2 using a few of the different dispatchs of administration highlight the materials or equipments involved. For mannequin * A service user who has a severe chest c ondition may require a nebulizer. This devise pumps air through a mask/mouth ensnare that contains the medicine in a chamber. The medicine is reborn into a fine mist and the service user inhales the medicine. * Oral administration spoon, pill pot, water, gloves* Topical administration gloves to avoid baby contamination and potential harm to yourself.5.3An example of this would be what to do when you make an error in administration of medication. Anyone can make a mistake but it is essential that you report the incident immediately to your manager to avoid any damage or deterioration to the health of the individual. Your workplace should have a policy in place of what to do when an error in administration has been make and why. Read and summarise. If you have administered medicine to an individual and they develop an adverse effect which you are not competent to handle you need to report following(a) the procedures at your workplace. Medication errors detect, but you should re port errors immediately. An error in the administration of a medicine can be at best awkward or at worst fatal. Common medication errors hold * under(a) administration* Over administration* In sort medication* Incorrect prescription* Non administration* Non recording* Administration of wrong medicine to wrong service user* Administration at wrong time.When any error in administering medication occurs, the local procedure must be followed immediately and should include the following steps- * Report immediately to your line manager and follow directions given * Report immediately to the prescriber/GP/pharmacist and follow directions given * If skilful error is made the service user may need hospital treatment * Document error fullyAll incidents should be fully investigated, the events documented and every possible action taken to prevent the mistake happening again. If serious negligence or an attempt to cover up the mistake is discovered, this should be treated as a correcti ve offence. Failure to record medication errors is a Registration Offence for idea staff and should be reported to the NMC. The Care Commission and CQC also require to be notified of medication errors.5.5Even if an individual wishes to self administer their medication it is still necessary to maintain a record of their current medication as stated in the National minimum standards which states The service user, following assessment as able to self administer medication, has a lockable topographic point in which to store medication, to which suitably trained, designated care staff may have access with the service users permission It is necessary to confirm that the individual in reality takes the medication because you are required to complete the MAR (Medicines Administration record) accurately. If the individual surmounted the medication to another individual, that person could become seriously ill as could the person who the medication was intended for. You are responsib le for the administration and its verity and it is your duty of care to protect individuals from harm.5.7CONTROLLED DRUGSSpecial arrangements apply to the disposal of Controlled Drugs (CDs) in care homes registered to provide nursing care in England and Wales * If supplied for a advertd person denature CDs using a kit designed for this purpose and soce consign to a licensed desert disposal company * If supplied as a stock for the care home (nursing) an authorised person must witness the disposal. For all other social care settings, the CDs should be returned to the pharmacist or dispensing doctor who supplied them at the earliest opportunity for safe denaturing and disposal. When CDs are returned for disposal, a record of the return should be made in the CD record book. It is good practice to acquire a signature for receipt from the pharmacist or dispensing doctor. Handling non prescribed controlled drugs and their disposalsometimes people bring extramarital substances into c are homes. The care setting should take advice from local police and if necessary the Serious and Organised Crime dominance concerning appropriate procedures for dealing with this. Homecare providers should devise policies and procedures in intercourse to service users using illicit drugs. This may include a requirement for care workers to vacate the exposit if a service user is smoking, consuming or injecting illegal substances. effective advice should be sought in situations where care workers may be at risk of aiding and abetting a service user to perform an illegal act. governing OF MEDICINESAll care settings should have a written policy for the safe disposal of surplus, unwanted or expired medicines. When care staff are responsible for the disposal, a complete record of medicines should be made The familiar method for disposing of medicines should be by returning them to the supplier. The supplier can then ensure that these medicines are disposed of in concurrence wit h current yearn regulations. In England, care homes (nursing) must not return medicines to a society pharmacist but use a licensed waste management company. Additional advice is provided by CQC in safe disposal of waste medicines from care homes (nursing).The situations when medicines might need to be disposed of include * A persons treatment has changed or is discontinued the remaining supplies of it should be disposed of safely (with the persons apply) * A person impartings to another care service they should take all of their medicines with them, unless they agree to dispose of any that are no age abundant needed * A person dies. The persons medicines should be kept for seven days, in case the Coroners Office, Procurator financial (in Scotland) or courts ask for them * The medicine reaches its outcome date. Some medicine expiry dates are shortened when the product has been opened and is in use, for example, eye drops. When applicable, this babe stated in the product inf ormation leaflet (PIL). All disposals of medicines must be clearly documented.Administer Medication To Individuals EssayThe Medicines Act 1968. This governs the control of medicines for human and veterinary use which includes the manufacture and supply of medicines the Act defines one-third categories of medicine- 1. Prescription Only Medicines (POM) These are available only from the chemist /pharmacy if prescribed by GP. 2. Pharmacy Medicines Available from the pharmacy but without a prescriptions 3. General Sales List (GSL) Medicines which may be bought from any shop without a prescriptions.Human Medicines Regulations 2012These Regulations set out a mingled regime for the authorisation of medicinal products for human use, Manufacture, import, distribution, sale and supply of those products. For the labelling and publicize and for drug safety.See more Masters of Satire John Dryden and Jonathan agile EssayThe Misuse Of Drugs Act 1971This act creates three classes of control led substances A, B, and C, and ranges of penalties for illegal or unlicensed possession and possession with the intent to supply are pass judgment differently within each class. The lists of substances within each class can be revise by order so the Home secretary can list mod drugs and upgrade or downgrade or de-list previously controlled drugs with less of the bureaucracy and delayThe Misuse of Drugs (Safe Custody) Regulations 2001.The Misuse of Drugs Act controls the export, import, supply and possession of dangerous or otherwise harmful drugs. In effect the Act largely renders unlawful all activities in the drugs controlled under the act except provided for under the regulations made under the Act. The drugs which are subject to the control of the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 Health Act 2006An Act to make provision of the prohibition of smoking in certain premises, places and vehicles and for amending the minimum age of persons to whom tobacco may be sold, to make provisions in relative to the prevention and control of health care associated infection, to make provisions in congener to the management and use of controlled drugs, to make provision in relation to the management and use of controlled drugs, to make provision in relation to the care of certain dealings with medicinal products and the running of pharmacy premises and more or less orders under the Medicines Act 1968 and orders amending that Act under the Health Act 1999 Health and hearty Care Act 2008 (2012)The main focus of the Health and Social Care Act 2008 was to create a new regulator whose fuck off and purpose was to provide registration and inspection of health and adult social care services together for the first time, with the aim of ensuring safety and quality of care for service users. The Care Quality Commission was established by statute, with enhanced powers to regulate primary care services, including hospitals, GP practices, Dental practices, Ambulance function and Car e Homes. These powers include failing registration, fines and even closing practices down which do not adhere to the Fundamental Standards in Quality and Safety. This cohesive preliminary has led to the CQC becoming one of the most powerful regulatory bodies in the UK.Read moreThe Health and Social Care Act 2012 made minor changes to the 2008 Act, but for the purposes of Health and Adult Social Care professionals flavour at the registration and inspection regime, this only amounted to terminological clarification, a alter of the relationship between the CQC and Monitor and the establishment of The Healthwatch England Committee as part of the CQC. In addition to this the following institutions have been abolished The Office of the Health Professions Adjudicator, The National Information Governance Board for Health and Social Care, The National forbearing Safety Agency and The NHS Institute for Innovation and Improvement. The Controlled Drugs (Supervision and management And Use) R egulations 2006 The Misuse of Drugs Regulations 2001 classify controlled drugs (CDs) into five schedules corresponding to their theraputic usefulness and misuse potential. A Number of changes impact the prescribing, record keeping and destruction of CDs have been introduced as a result of amendments to the Misuse Of Drugs Regulations 2001.The Controlled Drugs (Supervision of Management and Use) Regulations 2006 came into effect on 1st January 2007. The Health and Safety at Work Act The Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 is also referred to as JSWA, The HSW Act, The 1974 Act or HASAWA. This is the primary piece of legislation covering occupational health and safety in spectacular Britain. The Health and Safety Executive with local authorities (and other enforcing authorities) is responsible for enforcing the Act and a number of other Acts and Statutory Instruments relevant to the operative environment. Essential Standards (Regulation 13) 2008.2010 This is a very small part in Regulation 13 as in, The registered pewrson must have suitable arrangements in place for obtaining and acting in the best interest of the individual. Where they are able to give valid consent to the examination, care, treatment and support they receive. Understand and know how to change any decisions well-nigh examination, care, treatment as in medication and support that has been previously concur, can be confident that their human rights are consider and taken into account accordance with the consent of service users in relation to the care and treatment provided for them.Data Protection Act 1998 The Acts definition of personal data covers any data that can be used to identify a living individual. Individuals can be place by various means including their names and address, telephone number or email address. The Act applies only to data which is held or intended to be held on computers (equipment operating automatically in response to instructions given for that purpose) or held in a relevant filing system. Control Of Substances Hazardous to Health (COSHH) Regulations 2002 The occupational use of nano materials is regulated under the Control of Substances Hazardous to Health (COSHH) is the law that requires employers to control substances that are hazardous to health and includes nano materials. This covers controlled drugs as well The Environmental Protection Act 1990 & The Waste and contaminated land Order 1997 place a Duty Of Care on anyone who produces, collects, treats and disposes of waste.This includes feminine hygiene, clinical, sharps, medicines, dental wastes, confidential waste or other waste to be recycled. The main principles of duty of care are about documenting the transfer of waste and checking up on anyone you transfer waste to (e.g. if they are a registered carrier of waste, if they are taking waste to suitably licensed / permitted sites). You should only use a Contractor who can provide proof of shape with the legislation. Haza rdous Waste Regulations 2005 The regulations replaced the special waste regulations 1996 in England and fully meet the requirements of the Hazardous Waste Directive.The regulations remove the current need to pre-notify the Environment Agency before hazardous waste can be moved off site, and include a simpler method for tracking wastes once they have been moved. The include a new system to ensure that certain sites where hazardous waste is produced are notified to the Environment Agency. This allow improve the whole regulation of the hazardous waste chain from source site to waste site. These regulations had previously amended certain clinical, medicinal and dental wastes they are now affected by the new Regulations as well as you must not undulate hazardous with non-hazardous waste. Soft/hard Clinical waste, Sharps and pharmaceutical-sharpesThis waste may be classed as hazardous, due to its infectious nature. The Department of Health has produced important new guidance in Saf e Management of Healthcare waste. Offensive waste-Sanitary, Incontinence, red lidded sharps.Feminine hygiene, nappy and incontinence and fully discharged syringes are not classed as hazardous or special waste and do not require consignment notes. The Guideline policies and procedures in the Care Home I work in In my workplace, I have accessCommon Types of MedicationEffectsPotential Side EffectsAnalgesics. e.g. ParacetamolAnalgesics are used to relieve pain such as headachesAddiction to these can happen if taken over a long period of time. Also, ire of the stomach, liver damage and sleep disturbances as some analgesics contain caffeine.Antibiotics. e.g. AmoxicillinAntibiotics are used to treat infections that are caused by bacteria Diarrhoea, vox populi sick and vomiting are the most earthy side effects. Some people get a fungal infection such as thrush after treatment with antibiotics for a longer period of time.  More serious side-effects of antibiotics include kidney pr oblems, blood disorders, increased sensitivity to the sun and deafness. However, these are rare.Antidepressants. e.g. CitalopramAntidepressants work by changing the chemical balance in the brain and that can in turn change the psychological state of the mind such as depression Common side effects include muddled vision, dizziness, drowsiness, increased appetite, nausea, restlessness, shaking or trembling and difficulty sleeping. Other side effects include, dry mouthy, constipation and sweating Anticoagulants. e.g. WarfarinAnticoagulants are used to prevent blood clottingA side effect common to all anticoagulants is the risk of excessive bleeding (Haemorrhages) This is because these medicines increase the time that it takes clots to form. If clots take too long to form, then you can experience excessive bleeding. Side effects may include passing blood in your pissing or faeces, severe bruising, prolonged nosebleeds (Lasting longer than 10 Minutes) Blood in your vomit, coughing up b lood unusual headaches, sudden sever back pain and difficulty breathing or chest pain. Some Side effects with warfarin include rashes, diarrhoea, nausea (Feeling sick) and vomiting Identify Medication Which Demands The Measurement of Specific Physiological MeasurementsDescribe The Common Adverse Reactions To Medication, How from each one Can Be Recognised And the Appropriate Action(s) RequiredUnexpected adverse reactions can happen for any drug potentially that an individual is taking. For example one individual I work a person may have an adverse reaction to penicillin, anaphylactic shock the signs of this are the swelling of for example the lips or face, a skin rash and the individual may also have breathing difficulties. This is why it is important that all information about an individual is recorded in full in their care plan and on the MAR sheet.Other severe adverse reactions could include a fever and skin blistering if adverse reactions are not treated they could fatal. These usually occur within an hour of the medications being administered. Sometimes adverse reactions can develop a few weeks after and may cause damage to the kidneys or liver.If a service user at my place of work happened to have an adverse reaction to a medication, I would notify the Nurse on duty and/or House Manager. It would be up to them to contact the local GP for advice, and if necessary to make arrangements to get the service user to hospital for treatment.Explain the Different Routes Of Medicine AdministrationRoutes Of AdministrationExplanationInhalationInhalers and nebulisers are used for individuals who have respiratory conditions as these deliver the medication directly to the lungs. Conditions such as bronchial asthma and COPD OralThis medication is taken via the mouth. This can be in the form of tablets and capsules. If am individual finds it difficult to swallow tablets oral medication is also available in legatos, suspensions and syrups. Sub lingual medications are fo r example when tablets are placed under the tongue to dissolve quickly TransdermalTransdermal medications come in the form of patches that are utilize to the skin usually to the chest or velocity arm. They work by allowing the medication to be released slowly and then absorbed. For example, Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) patches and nicotine patches.TopicalTopical medications come in the form of creams and gels and are applied directly to the skin egress usually to treat skin conditions. instillment Instillation medications come in the form of drops or ointments and can be instilled via the eyes, nose or ears. Drops can be used for ear or eye infections. Nose sprays are used for treating for example hay fever.IntravenousIntravenous medication enters directly into the veins and absorbed quickly. This route can only be do by a doctor or trained nurseRectal/VaginalRectal medications are absorbed very quickly. Suppositories are available and are given into the rectum. P essaries are given into the vagina. Only after training can these medications be administered.SubcutaneousSubcutaneous medications are injected just beneath the skin i.e. insulin is administered in this way. Only after training can these medications be administered.IntramuscularIntramuscular medication is injected directly into the large muscles in the body, i.e. the legs or bottom. This route can only be done by a doctor or trained nurse.Administer medication to individuals EssayCurrent legislation, guidelines, policies and protocols relevant to administering medication are- The Medicines Act 1968 requires that local pharmacist or dispencing doctor is responsible for supplying medication. The Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 controls dangerous and harmful drugs, I.e. controlled drugs (CDs) The Misuse of Drugs and the Misuse of Drugs Regulations 2007 specifies about handling, record keeping and storing controlled drugs correctly. The Safer Management of Controlled Drugs Regulations 2006 specifies how controlled drugs are stored, administered and disposed of.Common types of medication include-Medication Effects Side effectsPareacetamolIt is commonly used for the relief of headaches and other minor aches and pains loony to no side effects. Prolonged daily use increases the risk of upper gastrointestinal complications such as stomach bleedingOmeprazole suppresses gastric acid discrimination by specific inhibition of the H+/K+-ATPase in the gastric parietal cell. By acting specifically on the proton pump, omeprazole blocks the concluding step in acid production, thus reducing gastric moroseness headache, diarrhea, abdominal pain, nausea, dizziness, trouble awakening and sleep deprivation Levothyroxine Levothyroxine is approved to treat hypothyroidism and to suppress thyroid hormone release in the management of cancerous thyroid nodules and growth of goiterrs.See more First Poem for You EssayLevothyroxine may increase the effect of blood thinners such as warfar in. Therefore, monitoring of blood clotting is necessary, and a decrease in the dose of warfarin may be necessary. AsprinUsed to relive minor aches and pains such as headaches. It can be also used to thin the blood to turn off the possibility of a blood clots, heart attacks and strokes. Aspirin use has been shown to increase the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding2 Medication that demands the measurement of specific psychological measurements includes spironolactone blood wring Furosemide- blood pressureDigoxin blood pressureWarfarin INR blood test3Common side effects to medication includeSide effects How can be recognise Actions requiredWeight gain Visual and my weighing Diet controlConstipation Not being able to pass a gut motion LaxitivesDrowsiness Person being very sleepy Rest until drowsiness wears off Rashes Visual appearance on the skin Stop medication and have-to doe with GP Vomiting Person is vomiting Consult GPDiahorreaPerson having loose bowlesSeek advice from G PSwelling Swelling of limbs face ectStop medication and consult GP Breathing difficulties Person finding in difficult to breath Ring 999 4Different routes of medicine administrationOral tablets, capsules, liquids etc. These are swallowed by the person. Sublingually tablets or liquids are administered under the tongue for zip up of absorption. Inhalation administration this is breathed in through the nose or mouth so its delivered straight into where it is most needed i.e. the lungs. Intramuscular (IM) injection administration injected into large muscles onto the body e.g. legs, bottom. Can only be performed by a trained doctor or nurse.Intravenous (IV) injection administration administered directly into the veins so it is rapidly absorbed into the body.Subcutaneous injection medicine is injected directly under the skin, most common type of medicine injected in this way is insulin.Instillation administration these can be a suspension or liquid and can be administered in a nu mber of ways via ear nose or eyes. Rectal Administration these are usually suppositories and are absorbed into the body quickly by this route. Vaginal administration only really used to treat conditions in the vagina such as thrush Topical application administration creams, ointments and gels are applied to the skin. Transdermal patch this is applied the skin for slow absorption into the body.Explain the types, function and purpose of equipment and materials used when administering medication.Type Purpose and functionGloves They protect the skin and stops cross contaminationAprons They protect cloth and create a barrier which helps prevent cross contamination Sharps bin This is used for the safe disposal of needles etc.Needles These are available in an array of sizes so they are specific to the function and occupier using them. They are used to inject insulin into diabetics syringe These are available in different sizes and are used to obtain the correct amount on medication. Me dication pots These are used to safely transport and hold the medication before being administered to the resident physician. Monitored dosage system (MDS) This is system pharmacists use to dispense medicines and must be used with accordance to the MAR record. inhalers You can also compliance aids such as Aerochambers to aid to inhale the medicine correctly.The required information on prescriptions and medications charts includeThe name or names and address of the patient or patients.The name and quantity of the drug or device prescribed and the directions for use. The date of issue. either rubber stamped, typed, or printed by hand or typeset, the name, address, and telephone number of the prescriber, his or her license classification, and his or her federal registry number, if a controlled substance is prescribed.StrengthThe time the medication should be administered.Outcome 4In order to ensure I follow standards to prevent infection control I must make sure that I wash mu hand b efore and after each resident. You should always wear gloves if you run the risk of handling them inadvertently if they are cytotoxic. Medicines should always be stored in a clean and tidy environment.All medication a resident takes will be recorded on the MDS chart and all staff trained in administering medication will know how to record and understand the MAR charts. If resident B requests some pain relief you should always refer to the MDS chart to see what type of pain relief medication they are taking. It will also state how often they can have the medication and by what route the medication should be given. When preparing medication you should always refer to the MDS chart as it will tell you the exact time that the resident had their last pain relief. If it is ok to give the resident the medication then you should prepare the medication and then take it straight to the person. You should then immediately record the transaction onto the MDS chart either by signing it to say th at the medicine has been taken or recording the reason for non-administration. This is done be a code described on the MDS chart.You have to obtain the residents consent before administering them their medication. They must know what the medication they are taking and have the right to refuse medication. The resident may ask what their medication is for and I must give them this information. If a resident is not capable of devising an informed choice i.e. the resident has got a mental illness and it is essential that that resident has their medication then it may have to be administered covertly (hidden or disguised in food) this must only be done after discussion with a doctor.All medication for each individual resident will be stored in MDS and are clearly labeled so selecting to correct medication is easier. After selecting all the correct medication with accordance to the MDS chart you should then check you have the correct type and dosage against the MDS chart. If any medicine s have to be prepared for example having 10mls of lactulose you should follow you prepare the correct amount them double check the amount against the MDS chart.There are different routes for administering medication. You should always read the label of medication to ensure that are administering it in in the correct way. If you are giving insulin to a resident it is important to alternate sites of injection, so you must look in their insulin record book to see which site was used for the last injection. You must also make sure that the site is clean before you inject.You must ensure that you give the correct medication at the correct dose by the correct route at the correct time with agreed support. You must always use the medication system in place at the home and make sure that medication is given as stated on the MDS charts. My doing this you will stay in line with legislation and the homes policies.There may be immediate problems when administering medication which have to be resolved and reported such as Missed medication the medication may have been missed as the resident was asleep, or because they go out regular social events. If they miss their medication on a regular occasion that you should talk to their GP or pharmacist to see if their medication regime can be changed so it is more accommodate therefore they do not miss medications. Spilt medication this may now and then happen you may knock over a resident dispersible aspirin, if this happens you should give them the last dose from the MDS blister pack and record to say why this is missing. A person decides not to take prescribed medication you must find out why the person is choosing not to take their medication.You can explain the side effects if the person does not take their medication but you cannot force then to take it. You must inform their GP of their wishes not to take the medication. Wrong medication used mistakes can happen in social care especially if poor systems are in pla ce. If a medication error has been made you must follow the correct procedures. You must seek advice from a doctor to make sure the medication that has been given in error does not react with any other medication that the resident is taking. You must them fill out an incident report. Adverse reaction these may occur when a resident takes any medicine. They may have been taking the medication for a short or long time before that reaction happens. It is important to document the reaction when it occurs and inform the doctor. All of the above must be reported to the senior ingredient on shift and also recorded in their care notes.When administering medication you must monitor the resident throughout so you can observe if any adverse reaction are taking place. If any adverse reactions are taking place you must take the appropriate action depending on the type of reaction. This must then also be recorded in their care notes and their doctor will also have to be informed.It is necessary to confirm that the resident has taken their medication and does not pass it on to others as the medication if taken by another resident may be harmful to them. The resident if they have mental health issues may not realise that the medication is only for them to take and may believe them to be sweets. You must also ensure they take them so that you can sign the MDS chart or else you cannot correctly sing the chart as you are signing to say they have took the medication. You should only go away medication with a resident if a risk assessment has been carried out.All medication must be stored in a locked dry room. The room must not be above 25 to ensure that they are stored within their product licences and their stability is maintained. The MDS chart must also be stored in a locked cupboard as all information about a resident medication is confidential. The drugs trolleys whilst in use must be kept in good vision in order to maintain security. After each medication round the troll eys must be locked up in the locked cupboard at the senior member on shift should hold the keys to this room in order to maintain security.Any out-of-date and part used medication must be sent back in the correct way in accordance to your MDS. All medication must be counted and recorded on the medication returns record. You have to record which residents medication it is, what strength, the amount being returned and the reason for disposal. Two members of staff have to sign and count the medication being returned, the pharmacist then collects the medication and will return the receipt that the homes keeps to record that the medication has been returned.