Critical Review of Two Academic Papers

Critical come off of two academic musical themes about the impacts of festivals and events to topical anaesthetic and functional development The mastermind of this test is to critical review two academic papers relating to the impacts of festivals and events to topical anaesthetic and regional development. The showtime key writing of Moscardo (2007) Analyzing the role of festivals and events in regional development, focuses on the potential role of festivals and events and explaining how disregard they contribute to regional development.An other paper, wrote by Wood (2005) Measuring the economic and brotherly impacts of local dominance events, focuses on local originatority use events in non-tourism regions and the post-industrial town of Blackburn in Lancashire. This essay will introduce the incompatible methodological approaches that these two articles used and controvert why these methods suitable for these two papers. It will also discuss other parts of methods t he authors used. According to Lancaster( 2009) use divergent kinds of methodological can pull out the information more(prenominal) reliable and valid.Focus on the mental object of these two papers, in the first writing, Moscardo (2007) describes that the take in explored 36 subject studies and compendium identified 13 themes which connected to the efficiency of festivals and events in regional development. The results of this look for, which atomic number 18 analysed by exploitation the soft research method, are used to describing how festivals and events can contribute to regional development. They also analysed the factors to the success of events and festivals. Moreover, Eisenhard (1989 cited in Moscardo) provided the main steps in case occupy analysis.In another article, Wood (2005) uses numeric method to identified both economic and social impacts of community focused on local pronouncement events. This research apply primarily six questionnaires to evaluate t wo larger events on disparate sides. As it menti cardinald, the authors used two different types of research methods. One is qualitative method and another one is quantitative method. As noted by Easterby-Smith, Thorpe and Jackson (2008) there are mainly 3 distinct differences between qualitative information and quantitative data. First of all, qualitative data is establish on through words express meanings and cannot be uantified. In contrast, qualitative data is based on meanings advertd through metrical composition and that can be counted or measured. Second, qualitative method conducted data from using conceptual model and quantitative method conducted data through using charts and statistics. Third, quantitative research relies mainly on statistical information and numbers, the results are numerical. Conversely, qualitative method need analyse longer descriptions instead of numbers. For using qualitative method, the advantages are this method strength is in uncovering m ore about tribes experience.As qualitative research focuses on underage groups, it can be less expensive than quantitative research which whitethorn require large groups of participants or expensive measurement tools. There are also have few postivist (Egan 2012) issues with qualitative research, such as subjective, cannot be generalised and it is difficult to determine the validity and reliability of linguistic data. For using quantitative method, it both have positive sides and contradict sides too. The advantages are the data is precise, replicable, generaliseable and it is aggregates across multiple subjects and summarizes findings.However, quantitative data may not be as rich as or as detailed as qualitative method and survey may be difficult for well-nigh participants, may not provide all the information needed for interpretations of data findings, and the large amounts of data may require more sophisticated analysis approaches (Cooper, Donohue and Tharenou 2007). Back o n these two papers, the reason why Moscardo (2007) used qualitative research method is because this study is focused on a specific area about the role that successful events and festivals can play in regional development. It is need information specifically and robust.Due to the purpose of the study, another author Wood (2005) used quantitative research method , which is evaluate two events and develop local peoples attitude to the region. They need widely information to bonk the general opinions of local authority events. Continuing focus on the different research methods the authors chose. Moscardo (2007) explored 36 case studies and identified 13 themes in content analysis. Anderson, Jansen and Velde (2004) state that case study research specializes in the understanding of a complex issue or experience in object and can be expanded or added to any known through introductory research trengths. Case study highlights a limited number of events or conditions and detailed background analysis of the relationship between them. Elsmore (2012) maintains that case study has many merits. For example, first, it can put people , events and organisations in their both social and historical context. Second, it has a ability to treat the subject as a whole. Third, data get togetherion is truly flexible, this outline permits researchers to adjust their research strategy as the research proceeds. Furthermore, there is on need to generalise to a defined wider population.Moscardo also used Eisenhardts (1989) steps in case study analysis, the process as starting from traditional problem definition and establish validation similar to hypothesis testing research. It required specify population, bemuse theoretical and not random sampling. Next, it should combine both qualitative and quantitative methods and overlap data collection to allow investigators to take advantage of emergent themes. Then, analyse cases and across cases and compare findings and similar literary pro ductions to build inborn validity. Lastly, extend and test hypothesis in other samples of case studies.Anderson, Jansen and Velde (2004) indicate that the resultant theory from the Eisenhardt process is grounded enough for application. Wood (2005) developed 6 different questionnaires, it is important because these questionnaires are used to assess economic impacts of authority events and festivals through survey peoples attitude. Cooper, Donohue and Tharenou (2007) report that there are many benefits of questionnaires. The first one is the receptions are gathered in a standardised way, so questionnaires are more objective than interviews.Then, questionnaires not only can collect data relatively quick but also can assemble a large number of people at a very low price if use telephone or postal. However, in some situations they can take a long time to design and analyse. Moreover, in some cases potential respondents will refuse to take the time to be interviewed or will refuse to a nswer some specific questions and response rates can be low from postal. In both papers, they chose different method, so the respondents and the numbers of information are different.In Moscardos research, he use cases from different countries and a variety kinds of festival and event. About 50 per cent cases were from Australia, around all of the case were regular or recurring events. In Woods research, the respondents were people and organisations, it surveyed six types, the attitudes to the region before event, event attendees and participants, non-attendees, local business, sponsors, community groups and attitudes to the region after event. The attitude surveys were carried out by telephone interview, and the numbers were selected randomly.Walliman (2011) says that when a sample is selected randomly, then every item in the population has an qualified chance of being selected. These two writing were both described literature review in their different sections. According to Easte rby-Smith, Thorpe and Jackson (2008) literature review is all their own and contribute to knowledge through literature reviews on a specific topic of research activities. They serve as precious resources for those who want to get overview of the available research in a fussy area.Literature review is always done as part of a paper highlighted key issues and related topics, and highlights the influence of conceptual or empirical studies already carried out in the field. To sum up, through comparing the methods used to the impacts of festivals and events to local and regional development in these two papers. It presents that there are mainly three differences between qualitative method and quantitative method. The biggest difference is that qualitative method express meanings through words and quantitative method is based on numbers.In addition, they both have advantages and disadvantages. Due to their different purpose of studies, one of them chose case studies and another chose qu estionnaires as their research method and explains their positive sides and negative sides. Moscardo (2007) uses case from different countries and in Woods research, the respondents were people and organisations and Wood selected the sampling randomly. Finally, the lowest portion states why need literature review and how it is significant. Above all, a research should be use suitable methods, no matter it is qualitative or quantitative.