Cloning :: essays research papers

The History of CloningThe theory of being able to grant a genetic copy (a clone) of another animal has been around for quite a while. In this section as the title reads I bequeath show the history of cloning.400 million years B. C.- Plants have been cloning themselves since not to long (as far as the Earth is concerned) after their introduction to our planet. They circulate out runners that create an identical copy of the parent plant. 1938- Hans Spermann, of Germany, envisions what he calls the " antic experiment". He suggests taking the nucleus from a cell in the late-stage conceptus and transplanting that nucleus into an egg.1952- Scientists Robert Briggs and T.J. King use a pipette to suck the nucleus from the cell of an advanced frog embryo, they then check it to a frog egg. The egg didnt develop.1970- John Gurdon tries the akin experiment with the same procedure. The eggs developed into tadpoles but died after they were ready to begin feeding. He later showed t hat trans implanted nuclei revert to an embryonic state.1973- Ian Wilmut just finishes his doctorate at Cambridge University when he produces the first calf born from a frozen embryo. Cows completely give birth to five to ten calves in a lifetime. By taking frozen embryos produced by cows that provide the best sum total or milk then transferring that to surrogate mother it allows cattle farmers addition the quality of their herd.Mid to late 1970s- Scientists cut down small forests publishing seek papers arguing the ethics of cloning and if it sight be done. piece they do this other researches around the world are actually investigation if it can be done. 1981- Karl Illmensee and Peter Hoppe report that they clone normal mice and embryo cells. It is later found to be a fraud.1982- James McGrath and Davor Solter report that they can not repeat the abstract cloning experiment. They conclude that once mouse embryos reach the two cell stage they cannot be used for cloning. Others swear their results.1993- Embryologists at George Washington University cloned human embryos they took cell groups from 17 human embryos (defective ones that an sterility clinic was going to discard), all two to eight cells in size. They teased away cells , grew each one in a lab dish and a few got to 32 cells- a size when they can be planted into a surrogate mother, although they werent.